Jacksonian Democracy Administration

1. Jacksonian Democracy Administration Ch 9.1

2. Expansions of Democracy • America in the early 1800’s was changing • North: small family owned shops were being taken over by large factories • South: small family owned farms taken over by large plantations • Americans felt left behind • Losing faith in the government • Felt the wealthy/powerful were influencing the government • People decided to rally behind Jackson because he was in favor of the “common” people

3. Election of President Jackson • Expansion of voting rights expanded to popular politicians, religious groups, and men without property. • Expansion of voting rights effect the election. • People began holding nominating conventions where party members choose the party’s candidates • This period of expanding democracy in the 1820s is known as Jacksonian democracy.

4. Election of 1828 • In the election of 1828 - Democratic Party arises from supporters of Jackson • Supporters of Adams were being called National Republicans • The campaign focused on the personalities of candidates • “dirty campaign” • Jackson: war hero: born poor and rose to success • Adams: out of touch with the common people • Andrew Jackson’s chances of winning rise because of his heroisms during the war. This made him popular with voters. • Jackson and John C Calhoun win the election by a record number of popular votes because the voting rights had been expanded.

5. The Inauguration • Election was a “win” for the common people • Implemented the “spoils system”- if people supported him, he would give them government jobs • Kitchen Cabinet- Informal group of advisers who met in the kitchen of the White House

6. Three Regions • North – • economy based on manufacturing. • Supported tariffs (taxes on imports and exports). Tariffs helped them compete with British factories

7. South – • economy based on farming (cash crops like cotton and tobacco). • South had to import manufactured goods. • Tariffs made the imported goods more expensive for southern farmers • Relied on slave labor

8. The West – • frontier economy is just emerging • Biggest priority was cheap land and internal improvements such as roads and water transportation

9. Before Andrew Jackson took office, Congress placed a high tariff on imports, causing southerners to call it the Tariff of Abominations (hateful thing) • Southern voters were outraged. • A growing concern over tariffs when Jackson takes office in 1829

10. Nullification Crisis • VP Calhoun joined the southern states in protest over the tariffs. The tariffs had damaged the economy of his home state, South Carolina. • Calhoun drafted the South Carolina Exposition and Protest – It stated that congress should not favor one state or region over another. • States’ Rights Doctrine – because the states had formed the national government, state power should be greater than federal power.

11. He believed states had the right to nullify (reject) any federal law they judged to be unconstitutional. • Northern states were upset because they relied on the high tariffs • Nullification Crisis – the conflict between the supporters and opponents of nullification • Andrew Jackson was deeply opposed to nullification • VP Calhoun resigns from office – the only vice president in history to resign

12. Jackson Attacks the Bank • Jackson opposed the Second Bank of the United States National Bank – 1. Power to act exclusively as the federal govt financial agent 2. Held federal deposits, made transfers of federal funds between states 3. Dealt with any payments or receipts involving the federal govt. 4. Issued paper currency

13. South opposed the bank because they believed it only helped the wealthy business people • Jackson believed the bank was unconstitutional. He believed the states should have control of the banking system • Write a Summary