PHYSICAL FITNESS

1. PHYSICAL FITNESS G.C.S.E PHYSICAL EDUCATION

2. Health is: ‘A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of illness or disease’. The World Health Organisation (WHO) have identified three aspects of fitness that affect a persons ability to complete those everyday tasks of life effectively and efficiently: PHYSICAL HEALTH With good physical health, a body can cope with the physical demands of everyday living. MENTAL HEALTH Good mental health allows people to cope with the emotional demands of everyday life. SOCIAL HEALTH Being socially healthy includes having friends and help from others, making a contribution to society and being valued by it. HEALTH

3. TASK • Put the following states of health under the correct column in the table, choose from Physical well-being, Mental well-being or Social well-being: • Free from disease • Low levels of stress/anxiety • Injury free • Feel content • Have friends • Organs are healthy and working • Sufficient food and shelter • No mental illness • Feeling of worth

4. HEALTH

5. Fitness is: ‘The ability to meet the demands of the environment’ There are two types of fitness, general and specific: GENERAL/HEALTH This means you are healthy and can do everyday tasks without feeling too tired. FITNESS • SPECIFIC/SKILL This is fitness to play a sport at a high level.

6. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEALTH AND FITNESS • You cannot be healthy without being fit enough to meet the demands of the environment. • You can be fit but not be healthy. • Exercise is the link between the two. • Fitness for sport is more specific than just being in a state of good health – at a higher level.

7. FACTORS AFFECTING FITNESS Fitness can be affected by HIP DAD: • Height, weight and somatotype • Illness and injury • Psychological factors • Disabilities • Alcohol, drugs and smoking • Diet

8. FITNESS • SKILL RELATED • AGILITY • BALANCE • CO-ORDINATION • REACTION TIME • SPEED • POWER • HEALTH RELATED • CARDIOVASCULAR • ENDURANCE • MUSCULAR ENDURANCE • STRENGTH • FLEXIBILITY • BODY COMPOSITION

9. DEFINITIONS – COMPONENTS OF FITNESS HEALTH RELATED: • Cardiovascular Endurance ‘The ability of the heart to pump blood to where it is needed’ • Muscular Strength ‘The ability of muscle or a group of muscles to apply force or overcome resistance’ • Flexibility ‘The range of movement around a joint’ • Muscular Endurance ‘The ability of the muscles to contract and relax repeatedly over a prolonged period of time against a resistance’ • Body Composition ‘The ratio of fat to muscle in our body. How we are built’

10. DEFINITIONS – COMPONENTS OF FITNESS SKILL RELATED • Agility ‘The ability to change body position and direction quickly and with precision’ • Balance ‘The ability to hold a position without falling’ • Co-ordination ‘The ability to carry out a series of movements smoothly and efficiently” • Power ‘The exert maximum force in one powerful movement’ • Reaction Time ‘The time taken to respond to a given stimulus’ • Speed ‘The ability to move all or part of the body as quickly as possible’

11. TASK Now that you know the different components of fitness and their definitions you now need to apply this knowledge to sport. A) For each of the sports in the list below, name a component of fitness you think it uses the most. Give an explanation of when this component of fitness can be seen: 1) Gymnastics 2) Marathon 3) High Jump 4)Shot Putt B) For each of the components of fitness below name a sport where you can see it in use. Give a specific example from this sport to explain your answer: 5) Reaction Time 6) Speed 7) Strength 8) Agility

12. ANSWERS A) B)