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Presentation on Energy Efficiency and Conservation

Presentation on Energy Efficiency and Conservation. Energy Efficiency And Conservation.

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Presentation on Energy Efficiency and Conservation

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  1. Presentation on Energy Efficiency and Conservation Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  2. Energy Efficiency And Conservation • In broad sense, Energy Efficiency means economising on the use of energy without adversely affecting economic growth and development. It includes improving the efficiency of energy extraction, Transmission And Distribution and increasing the productivity of energy use. Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  3. Energy Efficiency And Conservation (contd..) It is not merely a technological issue but it encompasses much broader economic and management issues. The cost effective of energy conservation/efficiency measures is well established as one unit of energy saved at the consumer end avoids nearly 2.5 to 3 times of capacity augmentation due to plant load factor, plant availability, auxiliary power consumption. Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  4. Energy Conservation (contd.) The energy intensity per unit Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is much higher in India(3.7 times from Japan, 1.5 times from USA) than many of the countries of the world leading to high wastage of energy, power shortage and uncompetitive product pricing hindering international trading. Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  5. Energy Conservation and its importance 60% of resources consumed so far 85% of raw energy comes from non-renewable sources and hence not available for future generation Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  6. Energy Conservation (contd.) To meet the growing demand, it has been assessed that additional generating capacity of 1 lakh MW has to be added by 2012 requiring an investment of Rs. 8,00,000 crore approximately. It is estimated that high energy saving potential in the country approximately to the tune of about 23% exists for the economy as a whole while in the electricity sector alone the energy saving potential is around 25000MW of installed capacity. Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  7. Energy Conservation (contd.) • So Energy Efficiency/Conservation and Demand Side Management measures can reduce power demand and prune building up of additional generating capacity to the extent it can be conserved. Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  8. Why Energy Efficiency (EE) ? Negawatts win over Megawatts Economic perspective (National and/or Supplier) : • EE (or Negawatts) are cheaper than Megawatts • EE provides maximum system wide benefits • EE reduces need for imports & scare resources • EE mitigates risk from supply vulnerabilities Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  9. Why Energy Efficiency (EE) ? Contd.. Customer Perspective : • Utilities come closer to customers, better control • Supply quality and reliability improvements • Lowers impact of tariff rationalisation / increase Societal Perspective : • Environmental benefits (emissions and wastes) Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  10. Sector wise Energy Consumption Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  11. Energy Saving Potential Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  12. Energy Saving Potential contd.. • Assessed potential of 25000MW energy saving • Energy Efficiency / Conservation and Demand Side Management measures can reduce peak and average demand • One unit saved avoids 2.5 to 3 times of fresh capacity addition • Investment in Energy Efficiency / Energy Conservation is highly cost effective • Can be achieved less than Rs.1 crore/MW • Also avoids investment in fuel, mining, transportation etc. Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  13. Energy Conservation Act To tap the huge energy conservation potential Energy Conservation Act was …. • Enacted in October 2001 • Become effective from 1st March 2002 • Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) operationalized from 1st March 2002. Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  14. IMPORTANT FEATURES OF EC ACT Standards and Labeling • Evolve minimum energy consumption and performance standards for notified equipment & appliances. • Prohibit manufacture and sale of equipment & appliances not conforming to standards. • Introduce mandatory labeling to enable consumers to make informed choice. Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  15. What are Standards andLabels? STANDARDS Energy efficiency standards are sets of procedures and regulations that prescribe the energy performance of manufactured products, sometimes prohibiting the sale of products less energy-efficient than the minimum standard. LABELS Energy efficiency labels are informative labels affixed to manufactured products indicating a product’s energy performance in order to provide consumers with the data necessary for making informed purchases. Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  16. Action Initiated ( Standards & Labeling) • Equipment /appliances approved for notification include : • Refrigerators • Room Air Conditioners (unitary) • Electric Water Heater • Electric Motors • Agricultural Pump Sets • Electric Lighting & Ballasts • Industrial Fans & Blowers • Air Compressors Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  17. Action Initiated( Standards & Labeling) contd… • Discussions with manufacturers of Refrigerators, Air Conditioners, Agricultural Pump Sets and Motors • Technical Committee constituted to fix criteria and procedure equipment testing Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  18. Action Initiated( Standards & Labeling) contd… • Manufacturers agreed to : • Conduct equipment testing under third party witness • Provide technical basis for the label • Evolve rating plan for the label • Introduce labeling within two months Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  19. Designated Consumer • Schedule to the Act provides list of Designated Consumers • Designated Consumers to : • get energy audit by Accredited energy audit firms • implement cost effective recommendations • appoint or designate energy manager • comply with energy consumption norms and standards • By regulations BEE to prescribe; • qualification and certification procedure for Energy Manager & Energy Auditors. • accreditation procedure for Energy Audit firms. Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  20. Action Initiated (Designated Consumers) • Governing Council of BEE approved • To notify of cement paper and pulp and textile sectors as designated consumers • To cover units with 5 MW connected load or annual 30000 tonnes of oil equivalent consumption • National level certification examination and its syllabus for certification of energy managers and energy auditors • Engaging NPC as the certifying agency • To empanel 11 institutions for running certification course • Procedure for temporary accreditation of energy auditors Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  21. Action Initiated (Designated Consumers) • Task force in cement, paper & pulp and textile sectors formed. Fertiliser, chemicals, petrochemicals and choler alkali under way • Members to achieve the energy efficiency through best practices, benchmarking, energy audit etc. • Industries motivated through National Energy Conservation Award scheme • Industries being approached to take commitments • Industries like INDAL, Rastriya Ispat Nigam Limited, NRC, Moral Overseas Ltd., BK Birla Group of Companies committed to reduce energy consumption • Small group activities focused on Energy Conservation initiated Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  22. Energy Conservation Building Codes (ECBC ) • BEE to prepare guidelines on ECBC • To be modified by States to suit local climatic conditions • To be applicable to new buildings having connected load of 500 KW Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  23. To set up Energy Conservation Fund for providing : • Innovative financing • Promotion of energy service companies • Research & Development • Demonstration • Creation of testing facilities • Awareness creation Energy Conservation Fund Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  24. Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) Important Roles include: • Implementation of provisions of Energy Conservation Act • Quick coordination • Policy research • Promotion of energy efficiency • Development of new financial instruments • Development of ESCOS • Awareness creation. Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  25. Self Regulation • Section 17 provides power of inspection but Act enforcement through self-regulation • Manufacturers agreed to • Give energy consumption test results for labels • Setup steering committee with BEE for prescribing criteria for • Label design • Standard setting • Enforcement mechanism • Designated consumers to publish certified energy consumption figures in the annual report Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  26. MARKET MECHANISM • Energy Efficiency investment is highly cost effective: • Resultant energy saving pays back investment between 6 to 36 months. • Huge market • Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) willing to invest with performance guarantee and recover investment from energy savings – win-win situation. • Requires policy support; demonstration; innovative financing like guarantee, insurance, venture capital; pro-active support by Banks, etc. Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  27. Electricity Used for Lighting • Nearly 10% of the electricity is consumed for lighting in the residential & commercial building. This amounts to a connected load of approx. 11,000 MW and annual electricity consumption of 50 billion KWh. Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  28. CFL Example Watts Light Cost Life No of Units Lumens Rs. Hours hrs/day /Year Bulb60 700 10 1000 4 88 CFL15 700 200 7000 4 22 Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  29. Luminous Performance Characteristics of Commonly Used Luminaries Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  30. Energy savings in lighting System • Make maximum use of natural light (North roof/translucent sheets/more windows and openings) • Switch off when not required • Modify lighting layout to meet the need • Select light colours for interiors • Provide timer switches / PV controls • Provide lighting Transformer to operate at reduced voltage • Install energy efficient lamps, luminaries and controls • Clean North roof glass, translucent sheet and luminaries regularly Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  31. Energy Saving in Lighting • Separate lighting Transformer • To isolate from power feeder • To avoid voltage fluctuation problem • Energy saving at optimum voltage • Install Servo stabilizer if separate transformer is not feasible • High frequency electronic ballast's(30khz) • Energy savings 30 to 35% • Less heat load into A/C room • Metal halide in place of Mercury and SVL lamps • CFT in place of incandescent lamps Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  32. Energy Saving in Fan • Fans are used extensively in summer months. Use of high efficiency fan motor and use of electronic regulator (in place of conventional resistance regulator) can lead to about 20% saving in energy. The fans with aerodynamic designs and improved impellers consume about 20% less energy but are 30% costlier as compared to conventional fans. Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  33. Energy Saving in Refrigerator • The efficiency of refrigerators in India, is rather poor. A typical 165 ltr. Indian refrigerator consumes about 540 KWHper year. Whereas on the other hand the 200 ltr. Korean model consumes about 240 KWH per year. High efficiency refrigerator are not manufactured in India. This refrigerators use a different compressor design which are very sensitive to voltage of electric supply. Unless quality of electric supply is improved this refrigerators can not be improved in India. Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  34. Energy Saving in Motors • The electric Motors form the heart of the industries, out of the total motors in operation 98% is Induction Motors.Induction Motors consumes 70% of the total Electrical Energy generated. • Capacity of :: MotorsαTorque α V2 Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  35. Energy Saving in Motors Causes for Energy Loss in Induction Motors The Various causes of Energy Loss in Induction Motors are due to the following factors: • Over sized Motors • Rewound Motors • Improper Voltage • Less Efficient Motor – Driven Equipment • Idle Run Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  36. Energy Saving in Motors Over sized Induction Motor • Sizing of Motors plays a vital Role in Energy Efficiency. It is very difficult to choose a right size of Motor in a single step application. • In any industry while designing the capacity of motor for a particular application involves two/three stages. Over sizing of motor is very common in typical industry Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  37. Energy Saving in Motors Over sized Induction Motor (contd.) The major reasons for over sizing of motors may be due to ::: • Starting torque requirements • Excess cushion & safety factors • Adhoc decisions Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  38. Energy Saving in Motors • Rewound Motors • Rewound Induction Motors are common in Indian Industries. Especially, in Textiles, Paper industries and Un-organised sectors such as small Flour mills, Lathe shop and Agricultural farms. Induction Motors are used even after more than four times rewound Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  39. Energy Saving in Motors • Rewound Motors (contd.) • Reason for loss in efficiency Rewound Motors ::: • Eddy Current loss – eddy current loss is proportional to the square of the thickness of the lamination • At the time motor coil burning the temperature of the winding rises more than 400oC, this temperature will evaporate the burnish insulation between lamination of both rotor and stator this results in increase of eddy current loss Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  40. Energy Saving in Motors • Presence of carbon: the stator and rotor core is made up of thin stamping (0.28mm to 0.45mm). The stamping are insulated from each other by varnish insulation coating, which consists of hydrocarbon. Therefore while motor coil burns varnish also burns and evaporates. The resulting deposition of some unburned carbon between the stampings which deteriorates the magnetic property and hence the magnetic loss increases. Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  41. Energy Saving in Motors • Further the presence of carbon results in early magnetic saturation and reduces the flux density of the stator and rotor cores for the same magnetisation current. Usually, the Wrought iron, and Cast iron have early magnetic saturation and poor magnetic property because of the high carbon content compared to Steel. Thus in rewound motor magnetic loss increases. Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  42. Energy Saving in Motors • Improper Voltage • The performance of any induction motor will be good, when the voltage/frequency ratio should be maintained constant. If a 380 Volt 50 Hz designed induction motor operated with 415V, 50Hz will lead to excess magnetisation loss. This will be the case in many of the important motor designed for other frequency and voltage than Indian frequency & voltage. Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  43. Energy Saving in Motors • Case Study ::In a White Cement Plant • The DG set is imported from Czechoslovakia as a package of entire system. The cooling system pump & motor are the part of the system. In Czechoslovakia, the motors are designed for 380 volts, 50 Hz supply. But the cooling tower pump motor(22KW) is operated with 415Volts, 50Hz supply, leading to excess magnetization losses and excess temperature rise and one of the motor has already burned out due to insulation failure. Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  44. Energy Saving in Motors • Case Study :: • Observations : Surface temperature measured :- • 80 % loaded 415V rated motor: 50 – 60oC • 80% loaded 380V rated motor : 72 – 76oC • Estimated saving potential : 8 – 10% • Recommendation: • The existing 380V, 50Hz motor in the cooling water pump (4 nos.) was replaced with 415V, 50Hz energy efficient motor which has the annual savings of Rs. 84000/- Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  45. Energy Saving in Motors • Less Efficient Motor – Driven Equipment • Earlier for variable speed, welding application etc., Motor Generator sets are used. This is the Energy Inefficient practice. This offers a good scope to reduce energy consumption by using the latest technology to meet the requirements • For example the recent method to get accurate variable speed control can be achieved by using Thyristor drives which is the ideal replacement for Ward Leonard drive. Similarly Motor Generator set is used for welding application. Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  46. Energy Saving in Motors • Presently few machines are driven by Ward Leonard drives for better speed control. From Energy Efficiency point of view Ward Leonard drives are inefficient and operating efficiency is only 70 to 80% for full load condition. The power measurements indicated that no load power consumption of the drive varies from 10 to 14%. The modern Thyristor drives with fine speed control is popular in Industry and its efficiency is around 90 to 98%. The no load power consumption is more or less negligible. Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  47. Energy Saving in Motors • Idle Run • In some of the industrial application, the auxiliaries equipment will run even main equipment is switched off. There is a possibility to switch off whenever possible by incorporating controls like interlocks and timer based controllers. This will reduce the idle running time and energy consumption. Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  48. Energy Saving in Motors • Case Study : In a Rubber Industry :: • Presently in Preformers, the Hydraulic drives are running continuously. The time study indicates around 5% of the time in a day the preformer hydraulic drive is running idle. There is a scope to reduce energy consumption during Lunch Break, Die Changing, Material Charging & Changing time. The Power Measurement Details are as follows : • Minicrowe Preformer : 18.5 KW • Idle running Power cons: 4.67 KW • Crowe Preformer : 30.0 KW • Idle running Power cons: 7.67 KW • Recommendation: Recommend to interlock between the rubber cutter and hydraulic drive motor to reduce idle running during Lunch Break, Die Changing, Material Charging & Changing time. Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  49. Demand Side Management • The total demand of an area deeps on varying depending on the time of the day and the season. The Load Factor is the ratio of Average Power to Peak Power. A high Load Factor means lower cost of generation. Every electric utility tries to improve the power factor to a value close to 1. Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

  50. Demand Side Management 1.0 1.0 Operating Cost Operating Cost 0.8 0.8 Relative Generation Cost Relative Generation Cost 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 Fixed cost Fixed cost 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0 Load Factor Load Factor Energy Management Cell, WBSEB

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