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South America Decolonization: Brazil & Argentina (Pre WWII)

South America Decolonization: Brazil & Argentina (Pre WWII). Andrea Ware-Davis Desiree Donson. Thesis. Although Brazil and Argentina gained independence from their dominant foreign powers, Spain and Portugal, there was still an extent to which their independence was restricted.

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South America Decolonization: Brazil & Argentina (Pre WWII)

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  1. South America Decolonization: Brazil & Argentina (Pre WWII) Andrea Ware-Davis Desiree Donson

  2. Thesis Although Brazil and Argentina gained independence from their dominant foreign powers, Spain and Portugal, there was still an extent to which their independence was restricted.

  3. Independence granted in 1822 by Pedro from Portugal • After 1894, coffee states Sao Paulo & Minas Gerais made deal to monopolize the presidency (no political parties) • Depression of 1929 caused a decrease in coffee prices= failure of “Old Republic” • Man selected from Sao Paulo to be president= Liberal Alliance formed=overthrow of Gov. and the dictatorship of Vargas (1930-1945) • “New State” (power of Gov. over the states) but still tried to reason with the civilians • However the demand for political participation caused violence and riots=ABSOLUTE POWER • 1935 National Security Law (police state) • Promote industrialization.. Brazil’s first steel mill(economic independence) Brazil

  4. Argentine War of Independence (1810-1818) Manuel Belgrano, Juan José Castelli and José de San Martín against Spanish colonists • July 9, 1816 congress of Tucuman declare independence from Spain • Foreign economic dependency (GB..economic dominance rather than political control) • Depression of 1929 stopped international trade= economic colonialism • All power was to elites and military strongmen (Conservatives 1889-1890) • Rigged elections • Inefficient • Corrupt (interest in large land owners and foreign capitalists) • Led to demand for political participation and mass mobilization • 1892 protest movement by Radical Civic Union with leader Yrigoyen • Won 1916 elections but were unprepared • Conservatives succeeded in 1930 • 1930-1943 “Infamous Decade” • Ended elite control of gov. • 1943 coup took over (turned to Juan Peron) • Made reforms/negotiations with working class Argentina“The Amazing Argentine”

  5. Was Brazil a nation-state? Was Argentina a nation-state?

  6. Sources Encyclopedia - Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Web. 09 Feb. 2011. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic- art/452378/13430/Juan-Peron-1954>. Findley, Carter V., and John A.M Rothney. "Latin America's Struggle for Development." Twentieth Century World. Sixth ed. [S.l.]: Houghton Miffin, 2006. Print. "Getulio Vargas Biography - Brazilian Dictator and President." Brazil - Travel, Political and Cultural Information. Web. 09 Feb. 2011. <http://www.v-brazil.com/culture/historic-characters/getulio- vargas.html>. "Map of South America, South American Countries, Landforms, Rivers, and Geography Facts - Worldatlas.com." World Atlas including Geography Facts, Maps, Flags - Worldatlas.com. Web. 09 Feb. 2011. <http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/sa.htm>.

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