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Explore the history and advancements in wastewater treatment at industrial plants across the world, including notable plants in Detroit, Chicago, Washington DC, Paris, and Hong Kong.
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APPLICATIONS of WASTEWATER TREATMENTat INDUSTRIAL PLANTS in WORLD
In the modern sense,the world’s first wastewater treatment plant was built in Hamburg in 1842.Twelve years later,in 1855,the construction of the first sewer system was started in Chikago. The construction of the liquidation facilities is after 1870.
The treatment plant was originally designed to provide primary treatment (screening of solids and chlorination) for the wastewater generated by 2.4 million people and, with modifications, as many as 4 million people. The plant’s service area in 1940 included Detroit and 11 nearby suburban communities. Secondary treatment (more rigorous screening and treating and disinfection of biodegradable solids to produce an even cleaner effluent) was introduced in the 1960s. DWSD’s Wastewater Treatment Plant continues to be the recipient of continual upgrades in order to ensure it is capable of staying abreast of ever more stringent regulatory standards. Currently, the Wastewater Treatment Plant services the needs of 35-percent of the state’s population contained within Detroit and 76 other communities in a service area of more than 946 square miles. In 1999, the Michigan section of the American Society of Civil Engineers named the Wastewater Treatment Plant one of the top 10 engineering projects of the 20th century.
Wastewater entering SWRP passes through coarse screens to filter out large debris, and is then pumped up from sewer level to flow by gravity throughout the treatment plant. Aerated grit tanks and settling tanks use physical and mechanical means to remove fats and oils and to separate solids from the water. The separated solids are pumped away to undergo their own treatment process and eventually become biosolids, a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers. In secondary treatment, a community of microorganisms help remove organic material from the wastewater. The microbes need oxygen to thrive, so air is pumped through the water in secondary aeration tanks. Next, the water enters the final settling tanks where remaining solids settle to the bottom and clean water flows out the top. The clean water is released from the SWRP into the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal. The whole process of converting raw sewage into clean water takes about 12 hours from the time it enters the plant to being processed, cleaned and released.
The Blue Plains Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant (AWWTP) was constructed in the 1930s. It was initially managed by the Washington DC Government, and the District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority (DC Water) took over the ownership in 1996. The plant covers an area of around 153 acres with a normal capacity for treating 370 million gallons of wastewater a day and a peak capacity of one billion gallons a day. The plant generates 1,200t of biosolids for use in agricultural fields. Discharges from the plant are emptied into the Potomac estuary, which links with the Chesapeake Bay. Monitoring of activities at the plant site are carried out through the central control room (CCR) and three additional area control centres (ACC).
PROCESS *Treatment Process *Pretreatment *Primary Treatment *Secondary Treatment *Digestion and Solid Handling
Part of a 15-year scheme launched in 2000 to improve wastewater treatment for the whole of the Greater Paris area, the upgrade at Seine Aval – Europe's largest WWTP – is a major programme of works. It includes an extensive new nitrification / denitrification facility. Phase one of the project that included the nitrification facility, entered service in 2007. It forms the main element in the planned extension of full nitrogen treatment to all of the region's wastewater by 2015. The scheme has been designed to meet the demands of both projected population growth and new discharge regulations.
Ninety-three percent of Hong Kong population are connected to the public sewerage system. The quantity of sewage treated amounts to 2.65 million m3 a day. Our job is two-fold. Firstly, we must ensure that the existing sewerage network and sewage treatment facilities are operated and maintained properly and efficiently such that sewage is collected, treated and disposed of safely and to the required standard. Secondly, we need to upgrade the existing sewerage infrastructure and build new facilities to serve the territory's continual development and to satisfy the community's demand for a higher standard of environmental protection. On sewerage infrastructure, our plans include the Harbour Area Treatment Scheme (HATS) which focuses on the collection and treatment of sewage generated from both sides of Victoria Harbour, and the other involves meeting demands and improvement as identified by 16 Sewerage Master Plans (SMP) covering the rest of the territory. HATS Stage I was commissioned in 2001. The centralized sewage treatment plant at Stonecutters Island treats now 1.40 million m3 of sewage per day, bringing substantial improvement to water quality in the harbour area.
Process Upgrade The digestion process reduces the volume of raw sludge over a period of approximately 24 days, with the residual sludge then being dewatered and thermal dried. Approximately 44,500 m3 of biogas from the digestion process is generated each day and used to operate the sludge drying plant. The dried and deodorized residue is then disposed of, either to landfill or to non-crop applications. The facility now processes more than half of the wastewater from Shanghai, China’s most populous city. The Recent Plant Upgrades and Additions Included: Eight Anaerobic Sludge Digesters and a Sludge Drying and Disposal Facility and Disposal Facility Each of these eight new pre-stressed concrete sludge digesters has a maximum diameter of 25 metres, a height of 44 metres (32 metres above ground and 12 metres underground), and a volume of 12,400 m3.
Cairo’s Gabal El Asfar wastewater treatment plant is one of the largest activated sludge plants in the world. Every day, the plant treats over two billion litres of the Egyptian capital’s wastewater.Winner of the Leonard Award in the International category at the 2006 Grands Prix du genie conseil Québécois (Quebec Consulting Engineering Awards), the treatment plant was expanded with the goal of increasing its capacity by 50 percent.
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