Unit4

1. Unit4

2. Cultural Background Audiovisual Supplement 1. Fun can be defined as a pleasurable experience, enjoyable occupation or an activity that involves amusement or pleasure. 2. But what do we view as fun? The answer may depend on our age, because what's pleasant and fun for a child is not necessarily entertaining and fun for a teenager or an adult. 3. What people consider fun often changes with age and maturity. Cultural information

3. Text Analysis Structural Analysis • In this text, the author challenges the modern idea that fun is there for the asking and that fun overshadows everything. • The author argues, instead, that fun is hard to have and that fun is a rare jewel. Global Reading - Text Analysis

4. Text Analysis Structural Analysis Part 1 introduces the thesis of the essay: Fun is hard to have. Fun is a rare jewel. Structural analysis Part 2 points out a prevalent misconception, and consequences thereof, that everything is supposed to be fun. Part 3 is the concluding part of the essay where the author suggests that we ought to treat fun reverently.

5. Detailed Reading 1. What is the thesis statement of the essay? Fun is hard to have. Fun is a rare jewel. Detailed reading1-4--Quesions 2. In Paragraph 4, a series of questions has been raised. What’s the effect of it? Here, by making a startling statement (the question “Was it fun?” overshadowed all other questions) and raising a series of questions, Jordan points out that fun has become the major concern of people. It has outweighed many other questions.

6. Detailed Reading What are some of the things that do not provide fun according to Jordan ? Detailed reading7--Quesion Failing in a test, dirty bumpers, sticky refrigerator doors are some of the things that are not sources of fun.

7. Detailed Reading What relationship does the use of drugs and alcohol have to our difficulties in having fun today? Detailed reading9--Quesion Today as people live under unprecedented stress, they can hardly relax and the monotonous routine work is not in the least exciting for them. Only when they indulge themselves in drugs and alcohol can they forget the worries of the day and have a little fun.

8. Detailed Reading What is the relationship between big occasions and the experience of fun? Detailed reading11--Quesion With high expectations for fun, people are not contented with the joy that big occasions such as holidays, weddings or birthdays bring them. To make up for the inadequacy of fun and joy, they are still expecting the next big occasion which might bring them excitement.

9. Detailed Reading 1. How does Jordan develop Paragraph 13? To develop the idea, the author uses definition: “it is a mystery”, and comparison and contrast. Some figurative techniques are employed to further define what fun is, which include personification: “When fun comes in on little dancing feet, you probably won’t be expecting it.” and simile: “It cannot be caught like a virus. It cannot be trapped like an animal.” Detailed reading13—Quesions1

10. Detailed Reading 2. What does “It may even come on a Tuesday” mean? Detailed reading13—Quesions2 Tuesday is a workday, the day following the blue Monday. It is commonly regarded as an ordinary day when everyone is supposed to be doing the routine work. As a rule, no holidays, no big occasions would take place on this day. But if we treat fun properly, we can have fun even on such an ordinary day.

11. Detailed Reading Why does Jordan use an anecdote to conclude her essay? Detailed reading14--Quesion Here Jordan suggests that it is easier for children to have fun than it is for grown-ups.

12. Detailed Reading Class Activity Group discussion: An imaginary event is presented in Paragraph 8 and a real one in Paragraph 14. What’s the function of the narration of these two events? Tip: In the imaginary event, the elaborate preparation of the parents was wasted and the child failed to have the expected fun, whereas in the real event, the simple childish behavior gave the children satisfaction and joy. With a comparison of these events, the author suggests that what is supposed to be fun may not enable one to have a good time. The simple joy of life is the real fun people are seeking. Detailed reading– Activity

13. Detailed Reading overshadow v. make sb. or sth. less successful, important, or impressive by comparison with others; dominate Detailed reading– overshadow e.g. Ben overshadows all his colleagues with his extraordinary insight and quick wit. She is overshadowed by her younger and more attractive sister.

14. Detailed Reading flunk v. fail, esp. (in) a course or an exam Detailed reading– flunk e.g. The boy was upset because he flunked (in) an English exam. flunk out expel or be expelled from a school or course because of work that does not meet the required standards e.g. We didn’t flunk out, but our records weren’t so good.

15. Detailed Reading traipse v. walk wearily Detailed reading– traipse e.g. She spent the day traipsing from one shop to another.

16. Detailed Reading epitome n. an ideal; a typical representation Detailed reading– epitome1 e.g. His father is the epitome of goodness. epitomize v. be an epitome of sth. e.g. He epitomizes the loving father. She epitomizes all the good qualities of her family.

17. Detailed Reading Practice 1. 他认为猫是懒惰的化身。 In his eye, the cat is the epitome of laziness. Detailed reading– epitome2 2. 这本手册概括了日常卫生的要点。 This handbook is a neat epitome of everyday hygiene. 3. 这位银行经理的身上集中体现了他们家族的一切优秀品质。 The bank manager epitomizes all the good qualities of his family.

18. Detailed Reading damper n. (inf.) sth. that stops an occasion from being as enjoyable as it was intended to be Detailed reading– damper e.g. The bad news put / cast / threw a damper on the party. Will the snow put a bit of a damper on your hike plans?

19. Detailed Reading blaspheme v. show contempt or disrespect for (God, a divine being, or sacred things) Detailed reading– blaspheme e.g. The bank manager began to rage and blaspheme (against) God. The spiritual leader charged that the film blasphemed Islam.

20. Detailed Reading malted milk a soluble powder made of dried milk, malted barley, and wheat flour 麦乳精（由牛奶、大麦麦牙和面粉制成的可溶粉粒） Detailed reading– malted milk

21. Detailed Reading • chunky a. • 1. (of candy, etc.) containing small, thick pieces • 2. (of a man) short and strong; stocky e.g. chunky peanut butter; chunky soup Detailed reading– chunky e.g. A chunky man usually has a wide upper body and looks strong.

22. Detailed Reading • scan v. • examine sth. carefully, with the eyes or with a machine, in order to obtain information • To scan a text can also mean look through it quickly in order to find a piece of information that one wants or get a general idea of what the text contains. Detailed reading– scan e.g. She anxiously scanned the faces of the young men leaving the train in the hope of finding her son. e.g. Now, scan the newspaper article quickly and make a note of the main points.

23. Detailed Reading Somewhere along the line people got the modern idea that fun was there for the asking, that people deserved fun, that if we didn’t have a little fun every day we would turn into (sakes alive!) puritans. (Paragraph 3) Detailed reading– somewhere along the … Paraphrase: Nowadays, people would believe that they can have fun whenever they ask for it, and they should have fun; otherwise they would be leading a dull and bitter life as a puritan.

24. Detailed Reading The god of mirth is paying us back for all those years of thinking fun was everywhere by refusing to come to our party. (Paragraph 13) Detailed reading– the god of… Paraphrase: We have long assumed that fun was easy to have, but now we are paying a price for that shallow-mindedness, i.e., our party is hardly as much fun as we has expected it to be.

25. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing Word Derivation Consolidation Activities- Vocabulary main Phrase Practice Synonym / Antonym

26. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing 1) insure v. → insurance n. → insured n.&a. 保险公司可以给你保寿险。 未投保者需自付修理费。 投保人需支付一定比例的医药费。 e.g. An insurance company will insure your life. Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 1 People without insurance had to pay for their own repairs. The insured are required to pay a portion of all medical bills.

27. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing 2) deserve v. → undeserved a. → deserving a. 这篇文章值得仔细研究。 他有罗密欧之称是名不副实的。 值得同情的 e.g. The article deserves careful study. Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 2 His reputation as a Romeo is quite undeserved. be deserving of sympathy

28. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing 3) generous a. → generosity n. → generously adv. 贤明的统治者在胜利时能宽宏大量。 他的慷慨在困境中表现了出来。 请慷慨施予。 e.g. A wise ruler is generous in victory. Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 3 His generosity manifests itself in times of need. Please give generously.

29. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing 4) benefit n. / v. → beneficial a. 新规章对我们大家都会大有好处。 这些设施使全城受益。 新鲜空气有益健康。 e.g. The new regulations will be of great benefit to us all. Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 4 These facilities have benefited the whole town. Fresh air is beneficial to one’s health.

30. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing 5) regret n. / v.→ regrettable a. 我听到他去世的消息感到万分悲痛。 很抱歉，此事我爱莫能助。 她粗俗无礼，令人遗憾。 e.g. I heard of his death with great regret. Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 5 I regret that I cannot help. Her rudeness was highly regrettable.

31. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing 6)mirth n. → mirthful a. → mirthless a. 圣诞节是个快乐的日子，尤其是对孩子们。 她那滑稽的装束引得客人哄堂大笑。 苦笑 e.g. Christmas is a time of mirth, especially for children. Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 6 Her funny costume caused much mirthful laughter among the guests. a mirthless laugh

32. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing 7) blaspheme v. → blasphemy n. → blasphemous a. 他醉酒后总是骂骂咧咧，诅天咒地。 谋杀和亵渎神明都是不可饶恕的大罪。 满屋的人都对他那亵渎神明的语言感到愤慨。 e.g. He always swears and blasphemes when he’s drunk. Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 7 Murder and blasphemy are mortal sins.   The people in the room were shocked by his blasphemous language.

33. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing 8) revere v. → reverence n. → reverent a. 那教授学识渊博备受敬重。 他脱下帽子表示敬意。 恭敬的态度﹑姿势等 e.g. The professor was revered for his immense learning. Consolidation Activities- Word derivation 8 He removed his hat as a sign of reverence. reverent attitudes, gestures, etc.

34. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate phrasal verb or collocation from the text. 1. In your mad pursuit to destroy evil, you may evil yourself. turn into __________ Consolidation Activities- Phrase practice occurred to 2. It never me that he was a double agent. ______________ end up ________ 3. If you go on driving so rashly, you will in hospital. step up 4. They tried every means to production. ________ 5. Moby-Dick tells the story of how Ahab, the captain of a whaling ship, is determined to the white whale for it has crippled one of his legs. pay back ____ _____

35. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing turn into:(cause sb./sth. to) pass from one condition or state to another Consolidation Activities- turn into e.g. 水冻起来就能结成冰。 Water turns into ice when it freezes.

36. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing occur to:come into (a person's mind) Consolidation Activities- occur to e.g. 她从未想到问问他人。 It never occurred to her to ask anyone.

37. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing end up:reach or come to a certain place, state or action, esp. by a lengthy route or process Consolidation Activities- end up e.g. 你要是继续行窃终归得进监狱。 If you continue to steal, you’ll end up in prison.

38. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing step up:increase sth.; improve sth. Consolidation Activities- step up e.g. 进一步推进核武器裁减 step up the campaign for nuclear disarmament

39. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing pay … back:punish sb. or get one's revenge Consolidation Activities- pay back e.g. 他对我使坏，我得治治他。 I’ll pay him back for the trick he played on me.

40. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing 1. Family outings were supposed to be fun. Synonyms: excursion, jaunt Consolidation Activities- Synonym / Antonym1 2. Just to make sure that everybody knew how much fun we were having, we put happy faces on flunking test papers, dirty bumpers, sticky refrigerator doors, bathroom mirrors. Synonym: failing

41. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing 3. I just mean we ought to treat fun reverently. Antonyms: irreverently, disrespectfully, contemptuously Consolidation Activities- Synonym / Antonym2 4. Television commercials brought a lot of fun and fun-loving folks into the picture. advertisements Synonym: 5. Your honeymoon was supposed to be the epitome of fundom. example Synonym:

42. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing 6. The god of mirth is paying us back for all those years of thinking fun was everywhere by refusing to come to our party. Consolidation Activities- Synonym / Antonym3 Antonyms: grief, sadness, melancholy 7. I don’t want to blaspheme fun anymore. profane, revile Synonyms: 8. It was a long way to Pam’s house but every time we got weary Pam would put her hand over her eyes, scan the horizon like a sailor and say … examine, scrutinize Synonyms:

43. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing Adverbial Clauses of Cause and Effect Consolidation Activities- Grammar main Tense

44. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing Adverbial Clauses of Cause and Effect This type of clause explains the reasons for what happens in the main clauses. Conjunctions, like because, as, since, now (that), are often used in the adverbial clauses of cause. Consolidation Activities- Grammar1.1 Because is used when the reason is the most import part of the sentence. Therefore, the because-clause usually comes at the end. As and since are used when the reason is already well-known, or is less important than the rest of the sentence. They can also mean “in view of the fact that”. As- and Since- clauses often begin the sentence.

45. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing Now that has a meaning very close to as and since. We use so … that to say that a result happens because something has a quality to a particular extent. So is used before adverbs or adjectives. Consolidation Activities- Grammar1.2

46. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing Practice Choose the best answer. 1. Because he was tired, he scored poorly on the exam, into the university.a. this will cause him to not be admittedb. this is a fact which will cause him to not be admittedc. which will cause him to not be admittedd. which will cause him to not admit 2. the TOEFL with a score of 550, he will be admitted into the university.a. Now that he passesb. That he has passedc. Now, he has passedd. Now that he has passed c ___ Consolidation Activities- Grammar1.3 d ___

47. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing b 3. Since July 4th is a holiday, have to go to work.a. so we do notb. we do notc. as a result, we do notd. thus, we do not 4. You yourself had to go back to Saudi Arabia to take care of some business in his own company.a. and he neededb. because he neededc. which he neededd. because he need ___ Consolidation Activities- Grammar1.4 b ___

48. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing 5. have to work today, we should go to Laguna Beach.a. For we do notb. We do notc. Since we do notd. Since we do no 6. Fabiana will not go to work today a bit ill.a. , she isb. because shec. because she isd. which is she is c ___ Consolidation Activities- Grammar1.5 c ___

49. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing d 7. , the temperature should begin dropping.a. Now that the sun settingb. Now that the sun setc. The sun settingd. Now that the sun has set 8. is important since most professional jobs require writing skills.a. Learn how to writeb. Learning how writec. Learning how to writed. Learning how to write it is ___ Consolidation Activities- Grammar1.6 c ___

50. Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated Skills Oral Activities Writing 9. , the research paper is beneficial to students since it requires them to critically think, read, and write about a specific body of knowledge in which they have an interest.a. A requirement at most universitiesb. It is a requirement at most universitiesc. A requirement at most universities it isd. Requirement at most universities a ___ Consolidation Activities- Grammar1.7