unit4 learning about language

1. unit4 learning about language

3. A time machine

4. It became very v______ iolent Big Bang a solid globe water atmosphere In time it produced some gases.

5. water The water on the earth is u_____ that on other planets. nlike

6. plants in the water shellfish and fish plants on land insects and amphibians

7. Reptiles Dinosaurs They produced young by l______ eggs. aying Dinosaurs e_____ on the earth for more than 140 million years. xisted They __________ young baby animals and produced milk to feed them. gave birth to Mammals

9. prevent...from 使...不做某事, 阻止... 做某事 Nothing will prevent us from studying hard. stop keep

10. Fill in the blanks using some of the words on the blackboard. One hundred and forty million years before humans ______,dinosaurs ruled the earth. At that time they had few natural enemies. So they developed quickly. They ____________ young by _____ eggs. Until now no one knows the exact reason why the dinosaurs were unable to ______ themselves _____ disappearing altogether. They died out _______. Maybe as some scientists guess, that the earth’s weather became hot and dry ____________ the dinosaurs’ life. existed gave birth to laying prevent from in time was harmful to

11. The subject Clause 1. What he discovered has not yet been proved. 主语从句 subject clause 2. Whether other astronomers accept his idea remains a question. 3.It is an important topic for research why the earth is becoming warmer. 形式主语 真正的主语

12. Find the sentences with the subject clauses from the reading passage in Par.3—5.

13. Par3. 4.It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. 5.What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water …

14. Par4. 6.Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. Par5. 7.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.

15. Complete the sentences using what, whether, where, when, who, why, howorthat. 1.(_____ is needed for success) is your hard work. What When/How 2.(______ they will arrive )has been told to the teacher. Where/whether 3.(_____ we will go tomorrow )hasn’tbeen decided yet. 4.(______ can join in the sport meet) is decided by the teacher. Who 5.(________ it will rain or not) is not clear. Whether Why 6. (____ the earth is becoming warm) is a good topic for research. 7.(______ the earth is a solid ball) is known to us all. That Conclusion: 主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。

16. Subject Clause × If Whether the solid shape would last or not was not clear. . if It was not clear whetherthe solid shape would last or not. Real Subject Formed Subject 引导主语从句在句首只能用whether, 有it作形式主语的whether/if都可以. Conclusion:

17. Use “it” to rewrite two sentences. How life began on the earth has been learned in the text. It has been learned in the text how life began on the earth. is known to us all. That the earth is a solid globe Itis known to us all that the earth is a solid ball. That 在主语从句中不能省略. Conclusion:

18. Summary: Subject Clause • 用 what / whether / that/ if/where / how / when /why / • who / how much / etc.来连接主语从句. 2.有时为了使句子结构平衡, 避免 “头重脚轻”,常用 it作形式主语,而把从句放在后面. 4.引导主语从句在句首只能用whether, 有it作形式主语的whether/if都可以. 5.That 在主语从句中不能省略.

19. problems What destroyed the balance of nature ? That people cut down too many trees destroyed the balance of nature . cut down

20. problems What is harmful to our home ? That the factory pours waste water into rivers is harmful to our home . pour …into

21. problems What pollutes our home ? That people throw rubbish everywhere pollutes our home . throw… everywhere

22. Problems What makes the Antelopeendangered? that与what That ____ people kill too many Antelopefor money makes animals endangered. ______makes Antelopeendangered is that people kill too many Antelope. What kill… for money Conclusion: what在从句中作主语、宾语、表语,而that则不作句子成分.

23. problems What makes the birds endangered? 1.What makes birds endangered is that ___________________ factory 2.That_________________________________________ makes birds endangered. give off smoke 3.It is reported that…

24. Step 2. suggestion A:I suggest/ believe that … should (not)… B:What does he suggest? C: What … suggests/ believes is that …

25. Discussion As a student, we should do many things to protect our earth.

26. Discussion What should we do to protect our home? • What I want to say is that __________. • It is obvious that ______________. • That ____________ pollutes our earth. • Why I say so is that ___________. • How we can protect it is _________. • What we should do first is that _______. • Whether our earth can be protected depends on ______________________.

27. Only if we care will we help, only if we help shall all be saved!

28. 1. Turn the report into a composition using the words and phrases we learned today and Subject clause.

29. Thank you for your listening!

30. confident different patient present confidence difference patience presence

31. 1. If you keep on, you will succeed in time. at last, finally 2. Mother always comes back home in time to prepare dinner. not late

32. certain fair paid kind uncertain unfair unpaid unkind

33. Your smoking is harmful to your child’s health. is harmful to The water from the factory ___________________ is harmful to the river.

34. 动词 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 意义 lie lay lain lying 躺，位于 lie lied lied lying 撒谎 lay laid laid laying 搁，放， 下蛋 The naughty boy ___ to me that the hen that ___ there just now had___ two eggs the day before. A. laid; laid; laid B. laid; lay; lain C. lied; laid; lain D. lied; lay; laid D