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Evaluating the implementation of Kyoto Protocol at the BSEC countries

Dive into the climate policies of BSEC nations, methods of AMS application, and outcomes. Analyze challenges and future steps for GHG emission targets.

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Evaluating the implementation of Kyoto Protocol at the BSEC countries

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  1. Evaluating the implementation of Kyoto Protocol at the BSEC countries Dr. Popi KONIDARI Head of Climate Change Unit of KEPA National and Kapodistrian University of Athens – Energy Policy and Development Centre

  2. Structure of presentation • Introduction • Review of climate policy in BSEC countries • Description of AMS method • Application • Conclusions National and Kapodistrian University of Athens – Energy Policy and Development Centre

  3. Russia Ukraine Moldova Romania Serbia Bulgaria Georgia Azerbaijan Albania Armenia Greece Turkey Introduction National and Kapodistrian University of Athens – Energy Policy and Development Centre

  4. Albania • Ratification (16.12.2004) • No GHG emission reduction target • Establishment of DNA • Climate Change Unit of the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Administration • Memorandum of Understanding • Italy and Denmark • Priorities • RES, energy sector, waste management sector, LULUCF National and Kapodistrian University of Athens – Energy Policy and Development Centre

  5. Armenia • Ratification (December 2002) • No GHG emission reduction target • Establishment of DNA • Ministry of Environmental Protection • Memorandum of Understanding • Denmark, Germany, Austria • UNDP MDG carbon Facility • Priorities • Energy efficiency, RES, waste management, afforestation, reforestation, industrial sector, gas supply system National and Kapodistrian University of Athens – Energy Policy and Development Centre

  6. Azerbaijan • Acception – (28.09.2000) • No GHG emission reduction target • Establishment of DNA • Under preparation • Memorandum of Understanding • None • Priorities • Not specified National and Kapodistrian University of Athens – Energy Policy and Development Centre

  7. Bulgaria (1/2) • Ratification (15.08.2002) • 8% GHG emission reduction target • Establishment of DFP • Ministry of Environment and Water • Memorandum of Understanding • Netherlands, Austria, Switzerland, Denmark, Japan, Sweden, France, Finland • World Bank Prototype Carbon Fund National and Kapodistrian University of Athens – Energy Policy and Development Centre

  8. Bulgaria (2/2) • Priorities • RES, combined heat and power generation, fuels switch, energy efficiency, waste processing National and Kapodistrian University of Athens – Energy Policy and Development Centre

  9. Georgia • Acception (June 1999) • No GHG emission reduction target • Establishment of DNA • Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources • Memorandum of Understanding • Denmark • Priorities • Hydro power plants National and Kapodistrian University of Athens – Energy Policy and Development Centre

  10. Greece • Ratification (May 2002) • 25% increase of GHG emissions • No activation of JI/CDM procedures National and Kapodistrian University of Athens – Energy Policy and Development Centre

  11. Moldova • Ratification (22.04.2003) • No GHG emission reduction target • Establishment of DNA • Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources • Memorandum of Understanding • None • Priorities • RES National and Kapodistrian University of Athens – Energy Policy and Development Centre

  12. Romania • Ratification (January 2001) • 8% GHG emission reduction target • Establishment of DNA • Ministry of Environment and Water Management • Memorandum of Understanding • Switzerland, Netherlands, Norway, Denmark, Austria, Sweden and France • World Bank Prototype Carbon Fund • Priorities • Energy efficiency, CHP, RES, waste management, afforestation, reforestation, industrial and transport sector National and Kapodistrian University of Athens – Energy Policy and Development Centre

  13. Russia • Ratification (18.11.2004) • 0% GHG emission reduction target • Establishment of DNA • Ministry of Natural Resources • Memorandum of Understanding • Denmark, Germany, Austria, France, Sweden, Canada • Japan Bank of International Cooperation, GEF, EBRD • Priorities • Gas pipeline refurbishment, chemical industry, landfill gas and waste treatment, district heating National and Kapodistrian University of Athens – Energy Policy and Development Centre

  14. Serbia • Ratification (17.01.2008) • No GHG emission reduction target • Establishment of DNA • Under preparation • Memorandum of Understanding • None • Priorities • Energy efficiency, RES, CHP, fuel switching National and Kapodistrian University of Athens – Energy Policy and Development Centre

  15. Turkey • No ratification • No GHG emission reduction target • Priorities • Energy efficiency, RES National and Kapodistrian University of Athens – Energy Policy and Development Centre

  16. Ukraine • Ratification (04.02.2004) • 0% GHG emission reduction target • Establishment of DFC • National Environmental Investment Agency • Memorandum of Understanding • Germany, Austria • Priorities • Energy efficiency, RES National and Kapodistrian University of Athens – Energy Policy and Development Centre

  17. Method AMS • Multi-criteria analysis method • Combination of three standard methods • Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) • Multi-Atribute Utility Theory (MAUT) • Simple Multi-Attribute Ranking Technique (SMART) National and Kapodistrian University of Athens – Energy Policy and Development Centre

  18. Criteria-tree • Hierarchy • Set of three criteria and eleven sub-criteria • Environmental performance • Political acceptability • Feasibility of implementation National and Kapodistrian University of Athens – Energy Policy and Development Centre

  19. Weight coefficients • Usage of AHP calculated values • Based on preferences from policy makers, researchers, target groups • Recalculation of values is supported • Consistency test • Two indices • Saaty • Pelaez-Lamata National and Kapodistrian University of Athens – Energy Policy and Development Centre

  20. Assignment of grades (1/3) • Linear function y = ax+b, MAUT approach • a, b solution of system • requirements y =100 when xmax and y = 0 when xmin • y =100 when best performance • y = 0 when lowest performance • Normalized grades, SMART approach • Absence of data to form function • Decision maker uses scale from 0 to 10 National and Kapodistrian University of Athens – Energy Policy and Development Centre

  21. Assignment of grades (2/3) • DM’s grades mi converted to grades of MAUT scale • Un-normalized grade • 2.51 is used instead of 2 (SMART method) because 2.51 solution of equation • Normalized grade National and Kapodistrian University of Athens – Energy Policy and Development Centre

  22. Assignment of grades (3/3) • Grade of criterion • Sum of products between weight coefficients of sub-criteria and respective grade (MAUT or SMART procedure) • Total grade • Same procedure National and Kapodistrian University of Athens – Energy Policy and Development Centre

  23. Application • Kyoto mechanisms (JI, CDM) • Exclusion of Greece and Turkey • Usage of Clim-AMS National and Kapodistrian University of Athens – Energy Policy and Development Centre

  24. Results National and Kapodistrian University of Athens – Energy Policy and Development Centre

  25. Conclusions • Main obstacle • Institutional infrastructure and capacity building • Cooperation in • Energy efficiency and RES • Policy recommendations • Reinforcement of EU-BSEC cooperation • Assistance National and Kapodistrian University of Athens – Energy Policy and Development Centre

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