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Understanding Fraunhofer Diffraction: Light Behavior Explained Clearly

Explore how light behaves using Fraunhofer diffraction principles. Learn about wave interference, Huygens-Fresnel principle, and calculating irradiance, crucial for understanding optics. Discover the fascinating world of physical optics.

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Understanding Fraunhofer Diffraction: Light Behavior Explained Clearly

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  1. Bill Mageors Fraunhofer Diffraction Geometrical Optics: I …light can’t turn a corner.

  2. Fraunhofer Diffraction Physical Optics: I Francesco Maria Grimaldi …actually, it can.

  3. Huygens, just add the wavelets considering interference! Augustin-Jean Fresnel Huygens-Fresnel Principle Every point on a wavefront may be regarded as a secondary source of spherical wavelets. The propagated wave follows the periphery of the wavelets. (That’s a sweet ascot by the way.)

  4. Far-Field Diffraction (a.k.a. Fraunhofer Diffraction) Far enough that source illumination is a plane wave. Far enough that diffracted wavelets are plane wave.

  5. b Single Slit Fraunhofer Diffraction s sinq ds s r P

  6. Get the amplitudes right! field amplitude spherical wavelets: field As ds goes to zero, dEo must go to zero: field amplitude per unit width

  7. Get the phases right! (just like Young’s Double Slit) Integrate over the slit:

  8. new variable: Calculate irradiance:

  9. field at r “sinc” “sampling function” “sine cardinal” an irradiance Minima at: Maxima at: (graph it!)

  10. Beam spreading

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