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The Rise of Fascism

The Rise of Fascism. Italy After World War I, Italy was upset Italy gained no new land after Austria-Hungary was broken up In the late 20s & early 30s a new political movement called fascism was gaining momentum in Italy Fascism called for extreme nationalism and loyalty

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The Rise of Fascism

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  1. The Rise of Fascism Italy • After World War I, Italy was upset • Italy gained no new land after Austria-Hungary was broken up • In the late 20s & early 30s a new political movement called fascism was gaining momentum in Italy • Fascism called for extreme nationalism and loyalty • Italy was also starting to suffer from the worldwide depression • A fiery former newspaper editor named Benito Mussolini promised to rescue the Italian economy & restore pride to Italy • Supporters of Mussolini march on Rome • They demand the King of Italy put Mussolini in charge of the government • Worried that he may lose his power, King Victor Emmanuel makes Mussolini, Il Duce Legally Takes Power

  2. Legally Takes Power! Germany • In Germany, the Nazi Party is gaining momentum • Their fiery leader Adolf Hitler begins making speeches to the German people promising to overturn the Treaty of Versailles and rebuild Germany • Hitler tried to forcefully take over Germany in the 1920s but was stopped and sent to prison • In prison he writes Mein Kampf (My Struggle) outlining his plans • Hitler argues the Germans were a “master race” called Aryans • He felt that other races such as Slavs, Jews, and Gypsies were inferior • He also states Germany needs more land and that he will get revenge for what happened after WW I • Hitler speaks about Nationalism & the poor economy • Hitler is also a master of propaganda • In 1930, the Nazi party starts winning seats in the Parliament (Reichstag) • As the Nazis become more popular, President Hindenburg names Hitler Chancellor of Germany – Reichstag fire seals the Nazi majority!

  3. Communism vs. Fascism -Every class has its purpose in society -Seek a classless society Each class has its own function in society -Loyalty to the gov’t & leader -Clearly defined theory -No clearly defined theory -No Democracy -Internat’nalists: Unite all workers -Nationalists -Very little personal freedom Please see pg. 477

  4. Please write the following questions below your notes and answer them by looking at the next slide. • Which political, cultural, and economic characteristics helped make fascism an authoritarian system? • What characteristics of fascism might make it attractive to people during times of crisis such as the Great Depression?

  5. Economic: econ. functions controlled by state corp.s or state Social: Supported by middle class, industrialists, and military • Principles: • -authoritarian • State more • important than • individual • Charismatic leader • Action oriented • Cultural: • Censorship • Indoctrination • Secret police Characteristics of Fascism • Political: • Nationalist • Racist (Nazism) • One-party rule • Supreme leader • Chief Examples: • Italy • Spain • Germany

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