Classification of Matter

1. Classification of Matter Atoms,Elements, Compounds, Mixtures

2. Lesson Objective • Atoms • Elements • Molecules • Compounds • Mixtures

3. What is matter? Matter is anything that takes up space!!!! Matter is everything around you. Matter is anything made of atoms and molecules. Matter is anything that has a mass. There are the states of matter.

5. The Atom

6. Atoms • ATOM-An atom is the smallest unit that maintains the characteristics of an element • Makes up everything in the universe • Think one of the math blocks

7. The Atom

8. Nucleus Protons Proton A positively charged sub-atomic particle (+). Atomic Mass=1 amu

9. Elements, Compounds and Mixtures

10. Introducing Little Miss “Element” Hi! I am Little Miss “Element” I am PURE SUBSTANCE I cannot be broken down into any simpler substance by means of a chemical reaction* *Chemical process refers tochemical reactionorheat

11. Elements Definition of an element: An element is a pure substance (entirely one type of atom) which cannot be split up into two or more simpler substances by chemical means. Sugar is not an element as it can be broken down into carbon and water.

12. Elements Element 1 Element2 Contain only 1 type of atom

13. Elements Note that an element: • Consists of only one kind of atom, • Cannot be broken down into a simpler type of matter by either physical or chemical means • Can exist as either atoms (e.g. argon) or molecules (e.g., nitrogen).

14. Examples of elements Elements are made up of tiny particles Elements can be further classified into two groups: Molecules Atoms Is made up of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded together (note: these atoms are of the SAME element!!) Is the smallest particle of an element and has the same chemical properties of the element Hi, I am from the “Noble gas” family and I work alone We same same!!

15. Cu Na He O O O H H These are elements! Atoms of same element Molecules of same element Hydrogen gas element copper element helium element ozone sodium element

16. Atoms An element is made of tiny particles called atoms. The atoms of an element is different from that of another element.

17. Elements- Atoms Consists of only one kind of atom Microscopic view of the atoms of the element argon (gas phase).

18. Na H Cl What is an atom? Examples of models of atoms: Hydrogen atom Sodium atom Chlorine atom

19. For example, hydrogen is H2. Ozone is O3. Molecules Very few elements exists as atoms besides elements such as helium and neon. Most elements exist as molecules.

20. Elements-Molecules Consists of only one kind of atom Microscopic view of the molecules of the element nitrogen (gas phase).

21. O O O O H H O Examples of molecules (elements) S S S S S S S N N S

22. Chemical Symbols of Elements Chemists use symbols to represent elements. For example, O represents oxygen while Fe represents iron.

23. Introducing Little Miss “Compounds” Harlow! Hehee!!! *giggles* I am also a PURE SUBSTANCE I am made up of a fixed number of two or more elements chemically combined.

24. Compounds Note that a compound: • can be broken down into a simpler type of matter (elements) by chemical means (but not by physical means), • has properties that are different from its component elements

25. Cu H H What is a compound? A compound is a substance which is made up oftwo or more elementschemically combinedtogether. • Chemical reactions taking place. Qn: Is this a compound? Qn: Is this a compound? Qn: Is this a compound? O It only contains one type of element. It only contains one type of element. O It is not chemically combined. H H O

26. Compounds Element 1 Element 2 Compound When two or more elements are joined together using energy (e.g. Heat)

27. Compounds Microscopic view of the molecules of the compound water (gas phase). Oxygen atoms are red and hydrogen atoms are white.

28. AIR Introducing Little Mr. “Mixture” Burp!!!! I am messy! I am formed when two or more substances joined together physically(without chemical bonds) I have thesame propertiesas all the substances I am his best friend!

29. Mixtures Definition of a mixture: A mixture is not a pure substance as it contains a mixture of atoms of molecules which are not chemically combined together.

30. Mixtures Note that a mixture: • consists of two or more different elements and/or compounds NOT chemically combined. • can be separated into its components by physical means

31. Mixtures Microscopic view of a gaseous mixture containing two elements (argon and nitrogen) and a compound (water).

32. Mixtures • Examples of mixtures include salt and pepper.

33. Little Mr “Mixture” • A Mixture can be: • element + element • element + compound • compound + compound He is a “boo-boo!” He can be separated to its substances by physical methods

34. Mixtures Mixture 1 Elements can be mixed NOT JOINED to make a mixture

35. Mixtures Mixture 1 Element 1 Element 2 Can be separated to get the elements

36. A mixture of 2 elements A mixture of two elements, e.g. neon (Ne) and hydrogen (H2)

37. A mixture of 1 element and 1 compound A mixture of one element and one compound, e.g. hydrogen (H2) and ammonia (NH3)

38. A mixture of 2 compounds A mixture of two compounds, e.g. water vapour (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2)

39. Conclusion An element is a pure substance which cannot be split up into two or more simpler substances by chemical means. A compound consist of a fixed number of different kinds of atoms chemically combined together. A mixture is not a pure substance as it contains a mixture of atoms of molecules which are not chemically combined together.

40. Laugh what? I know I am a little “bushy and hairy” than you… Differences between mixtures and compounds *giggles* HeE stupid… VS Mr Messy Little Miss Compound

41. Comparison between mixtures and compounds Mixture Compound Separation /breakdown Components can be separated by physical methods Elements in a compound Cannot be separated by physical methods Properties (chemical / physical) Same properties as its components Properties are unique and different from its elements

42. Elements Compounds Mixture Contain 1 or more atoms NOT JOINED Contain 1 or more atoms JOINED Contain only 1 type of atom

43. Challenge Time • Is mineral water an element, mixture or compound?

44. Challenge Time • Are YOU an element, mixture or compound?

45. The End……