Challenges and Opportunities for Nanotechnology Education and Educators

1. Challenges and Opportunities for Nanotechnology Education and Educators Arvind Agarwal Chair and Professor, Mechanical and Materials Engineering  Director, Advanced Materials Engineering and Research Institute (AMERI) Florida International University  agarwala@fiu.edu Critical Issues and Best Practices Forum, July 23, 2018, Miami, Florida

2. Impact of Nanotechnology:Facts CPU pacemaker [1] The National Nanotechnology Initiative: Supplement to the President’s 2018 Budget

3. Nanoscience Chronicles A bill to authorize appropriations for nanoscience, nanoengineering, and nanotechnology research, and for other purposes. President Clinton established the “National Nanotechnology Initiative-Leading to the Next Industrial Revolution” The “star” of Nanomaterials Norio Taniguchi of Tokyo Science University “See” nano Richard Feynman, annual meeting of the American Physical Society at California

4. Key Challenges Three key challenges are identified by Dr. Mihail C. Roco from National Science Foundation (NSF) and National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI). [1] • Formal Education and training of a new generation of skilled workers in the multidisciplinary perspectives necessary for rapid progress of the new technology. • Bringing together the education and research communities for meaningful learning experiences by combining the knowledge and methodologies from both areas. • Informing and educating the public. [1] Nanoscale Science and Engineering Education. American Scientific Publishers. California, USA

5. Challenges in pre-college education

6. Challenge #1: Nanoscience is Abstract. How to visualize? Nanoscience: Exploration and understanding of the fundamental behavior of structures having at least one dimension between 1 and 100 nm. 1 nm = 10-9m Or this? 1 nm = 3.94 x 10-8in Challenge to visualize the length scale for most high school students. Hands-on training is necessary.

7. What is Small? A survey[1] was conducted in Apopka High School’s Physics II class to see if students can fathom the concept of “small size”. 619 9th to 12th grade students were asked “How small do you think humans can make working tools?”. 22% C I don’t Know… B Smaller than visible to naked eye A Bigger than visible to naked eye So, what is small? [1] Nanoscale Science and Engineering Education. American Scientific Publishers. California, USA

8. Visualization IBM spelled out using 35 xenon atoms (1989) [1] A boy And His Atom: The World’s Smallest Movie https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oSCX78-8-q0 (2013)[2] The smallest FIU logo (2013) [1] IBM’s 35 atoms and the rise of nanotech (https://www.cnet.com/news/ibms-35-atoms-and-the-rise-of-nanotech/) [2] http://www.research.ibm.com/articles/madewithatoms.shtml#fbid=ZJPG1XPK-Dr

9. Challenge #2: Resources The facilities required to see at nanoscale are expensive $$$ $ 10 $ 500-20,000 $ 30,000-300,000 $ 2,000-200,000 $1M and more Surface profilometer Optical Microscope Atomic force Microscope (AFM) Magnifier SEM/TEM Hands-on training and sharing of resources is critical.

10. Challenge #3: Intergratingnanoscience into the current curriculum Awareness of Nanoscience Microsoft Office does not recognize the word “nano”. (Latest version (Office 365) finally does)

11. Nano-scale Engineering Vs. Nanoscience Nanoscience Exploration and understanding of the fundamental behavior of structures having at least one dimension between 1 and 100 nm. Nano-Scale Engineering • Science and engineering that at nanoscale, a cutting-edge engineering. • Top-Down • Bottom-up Nanoscience doesn’t need to be new discovery. It can be new understanding of a pre-exist phenomena at nano-level!

12. Challenges in College Education

13. Challenge #1: Major Nanoscience is not an individual subject, it embraces all traditional scientific disciplines and fields of engineering. Computer Science Biomedical Nanoscience Mechanical Engineering Materials Science Physics Aerospace Engineering Civil Engineering

14. New Course Design: Invert “T” Structure [1] Nanotechnology is a cross-disciplinary area of technology; traditional educational mode is more suitable for single discipline teaching and learning. Specialization Interdisciplinarity Basic Courses Basic Courses Basic Courses Interdisciplinarity [1] Nanoscale Science and Engineering Education. American Scientific Publishers. California, USA

15. Example of Multidisciplinary Approach: NSF-ERC: CELL-MET Heart Disease • Americans suffer one millionheart attacks every year • Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the US • 2,000people in the US die daily from heart disease, ~600k/year • 1 in 4 Americans will die from heart disease • World-wide, 17 millionpeople per year die from heart disease

16. The Scientific Vision Nano-Mechanics Cell Engineering Organic Vapor Jet Printing Atomic Calligraphy Adaptive Optics Lab on a Chip

17. Challenge #2: Integrate Research into Education Taking class Research: a problem identifying and problem solving process. Education without research = loaded gun without target. Education in undergrad should beyond GPA and internship! (REU are very critical to introduce students to research)

18. Mystery “X” Chemical reactions Rocket What is “X” ? Based on a real survey within the undergraduate students in Mechanical and Materials Engineering at FIU, the object “X” was described as following: Discovery Answer: Research! PhD Puzzle solving As per ASEE, majority of undergraduate students are not even aware that usually PhD is a fully funded program.

19. We are trying to bridge the gap!

20. Awards and Funding Supporting Nanoscience Educations • Research Experience and Mentoring (REM) • a pilot program to measure the success of inclusion of mentor training and the building of an engineering focused mentoring community on outcomes of REM students.  • Research Experiences for Teachers (RET) • supports active long-term collaborative partnerships between K-12 STEM in-service and pre-service teachers, full-time community college faculty, and university faculty and students to enhance the scientific disciplinary knowledge. • Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) • Fund undergraduates to conduct research in the host institutes. • Undergraduate Research Apprentice Program (UARP) • Engage undergraduates more deeply into research • High School Research Apprentice Program (HSAP) • Provides high school students with real research experience in universities.

21. FIU Engineering Expo Establishing an university based hub for Nanoscience which connects the communities and researches.

22. Resource Sharing-South Florida Advanced Materials Engineering Research Institute (AMERI) at Florida International University https://ameri.fiu.edu (Please visit Booth# 45 for more info.)

23. Resource Sharing: National Level The National Science Foundation (NSF) supports 16 user facility sites, their affiliated partners, and a coordinating office as the National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure (NNCI). The NNCI sites provide researchers from academia, small and large companies, and government with access to university user facilities with leading-edge fabrication and characterization tools, instrumentation, and expertise within all disciplines of nanoscale science, engineering, and technology. nanoHUB.org is the premier place for computational nanotechnology research, education, and collaboration. Our site hosts a rapidly growing collection of simulation tools for nanoscale phenomena that run in the cloud and are accessible through a web browser. In addition to simulations, nanoHUB provides online presentations, cutting-edge nanoHUB-U short courses, animations, teaching materials, and more.

24. Crisis: Funding and Future Researchers/Scientists • The funding received by NNI has tripled since it launched. • However, the amount of funding has been declined in the last 5 years. Such reduction was not even seen around 2008 and 2009. NNI funding by Agency, 2001-2018[1] The percentage of U.S. citizens and permanent residents doctorates have decreased in every fields in the past 20 years. [1] The National Nanotechnology Initiative: Supplement to the President’s 2018 Budget [2] Mark C. Hersam is a recipient of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists & Engineers (PECASE) Award, as well as an educator at the National Center for Learning & Tecahing (NCLT) in Nanoscale Science & Engineering. [3] 2015 Doctorate Recipients from U.S. Universities. National Science Foundation, 2017.

25. Summary • Need to break departmental/unit boundaries to evolve a more collaborative curriculum • Need to foster greater interaction between local Universities/Community Colleges/High Schools for sharing of experimental resources • Need to effectively disseminate information to public via museums, open house

26. Acknowledgement • Engineering Research Centers Program of the National Science Foundation under NSF Cooperative Agreement No. EEC-1647837

27. Thank you!!!