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Religion and Reform

Explore the pivotal moments of religious awakening, educational reform, the abolitionist movement, and the women's rights movement in 19th-century America.

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Religion and Reform

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  1. Religion and Reform 1812-1860

  2. I. Religious Awakening • 2nd Great Awakening 1820s-1830s • Revivals- traveling evangelists have outdoor meetings • Leads to Christians helping others

  3. II. Era of Reform • Reform- change something for the better A. Education- few public schools, tutors used • Horace Mann- pushed for free public education for all • By 1850s most states have elementary schools B. Mental Illness- put in prison • Dorothea Dix- lobbied Congress for hospitals, research/ successful

  4. C. Temperance Movement • Wanted to outlaw alcohol, lobbied states • 1851: Maine outlaws • Started by women whose husbands were alcoholics

  5. III. Anti-Slavery Movement A. Background 1. North: economically unprofitable • 1804- every northern state had outlawed • 1808- illegal to import slaves from out of country- drives the prices up 2. South: used to grow tobacco, rice, cotton/ economy is dependant on slavery • Extent of slavery • 80% own no slaves • 19% own a few (1-10) • 1% own more- plantations- 50+

  6. B. Abolitionist Movement- movement to end slavery • Arguments: 1. morally wrong 2. religion, Bible 3. cruel and inhumane to slaves & families 4. violates democracy 5. degrades slave owners

  7. C. Abolitionists 1. Frederick Douglass- The North Star- • Born a slave, probably son of master • Master’s wife taught him to read & write • Ran away to North, married white woman • Becomes newspaper editor and public speaker

  8. 2. William Lloyd Garrison • Publisher of The Liberator newspaper • American Anti-slavery Society • Founded it • Wanted immediate end to slavery • Felt blacks could do anything including violence to get freedom • Slave rebellions blamed on him

  9. 3. Nat Turner • 1831- slave escapes from plantation in VA • Sign from God to return and lead rebellion • 60 people killed; 15 slaves hanged • Effect: heavy guards for slaves 4. Underground Railroad/ Harriet Tubman • Born a slave & escaped (Black Moses) • Series of safe houses (white homes) from South to North • Helped 300+ to escape

  10. 5. American Colonization Society • Formed by abolitionists in 1816 to send freed slaves “back to Africa” • Liberia (liberty), capital Monrovia (Pres. James Monroe) • Unsuccessful because they wanted to stay- they were Americans

  11. Lacked realistic plans for ending slavery • Salves owners: cripple their way of living • Slaves: nowhere to go, could not make a living D. Northerners and Abolition • At first: considered abolitionists irresponsible fanatics • As time went on: more and more accept that slavery is wrong

  12. E. Southerners and Abolition- positive good 1. great civilizations based on slavery 2. slavery in Bible- God approves 3. slavery essential to economy 4. blacks were racially inferior 5. slaves in South had it better than North Non-slave owners 1. someone to look down on 2. hoped to some day own slaves

  13. IV. Women’s Movement- Elizabeth Cady Stanton/ Lucretia Mott A. Background- went to abolitionist convention- forced to stand in back- decide to fight for rights B. Seneca Falls Convention- NY, 1848- first women’s rights meeting- • Declaration of Independence (all men and women created equal) • List of grievances against men • Demand opportunities in business, education, voting, owning property

  14. C. Suffrage/ suffragettes • Define: right to vote • 1869- Wyoming grant right to vote • Elizabeth Blackwell- abolitionist, teacher, first woman doctor in USA • 1920: 19th Amendment- women get right to vote

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