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Chapter 11 Section 1 Thinking and Problem Solving

Chapter 11 Section 1 Thinking and Problem Solving. THINKING. Thinking is changing and reorganizing the information stored in memory to create new information. Units Of Thinking. Image: a visual, mental representation of an event or object Prototype: a representation example of a concept

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Chapter 11 Section 1 Thinking and Problem Solving

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  1. Chapter 11 Section 1Thinking and Problem Solving

  2. THINKING • Thinking is changing and reorganizing the information stored in memory to create new information.

  3. Units Of Thinking • Image: a visual, mental representation of an event or object • Prototype: a representation example of a concept • Rule: a statement of relation between concepts.

  4. Units Of Thinking (continued) • Concept: a label for a class of objects or events that have at least one attribute in common. • Symbol: an abstract unit of thought that represents an object or quality; anything that stands for or represents something else.

  5. Kinds Of Thinking • Directed thinking: is a systematic and logical attempt to reach a specific goal or answer. Also called convergent thinking. • Ex: math problems • Non directed thinking: depends on symbols, concepts and rules • Ex: reading philosophical book • Metacognition: awareness and understanding of ones own thought process. • Ex: A person learns about his or her own style of learning.

  6. Direct thinking for problem solving • One of the main functions of direct thinking is solving problems. Direct thinking is used to make a mental connection between a present situation and a direct goal.

  7. Problem Solving Strategies • 1. breaking down a complex problem into smaller ones. • Subgoals: are intermediate steps towards a solution • Ex: studying for exams • 2. algorithm: a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem • Finding the product of 345 and 23 • 3. heuristic: a rule-of-thumbs problem solving strategy • Predicting letters when watching the Wheel of Fortune

  8. Obstacles of problem solving • Metal set: when a particular strategy becomes a habit • Ex. Making notecards every time you study for a test • Functional fixedness: not being able to imagine new functions for familial objects

  9. Creativity • The capacity to use information and or abilities in a new and original way

  10. Flexibility: the ability to overcome rigidity • Recombination: rearranging the elements of a problem to arrive at an original solution • Insight: an apparent sudden realization of the solution to a problem.

  11. Classwork • In groups of 3 to 6 answer questions from chapter 11 section 1 • 1. Review the vocabulary: describe two obstacles to problem solving? • 2. Visualize the main idea: describe the characteristics of creative thinking? • 3. Recall information: what is the difference between convergent and divergent thinking? Give specific examples? • 4. Thinking critically: if you were a teacher would you allow students to solve math problems using different approaches if they reached the same answer? Why?

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