Seminar in IPM Theory and Practice (ENY 6934)

1. Seminar in IPM Theory and Practice (ENY 6934) University of Florida, IFAS Norm Leppla

2. Introduction to Integrated Pest Management (IPM) • History of IPM • What is IPM? • IPM practices and applications • Pest outbreaks and growers reaction • IPM education, training and credentials • Access to IPM information • Future of IPM in Florida and elsewhere

3. Synthetic Pesticide Proliferation and Concerns DDT introduced in 1939, resistance 1947 Pesticide use grows 1940s and 1950s Thousands of pesticides registered (~$40 billion worldwide by 2007) The “Magic bullet“ mindset established Integrated Control Concept: Stern, Smith, van den Bosch, and Hagen (1959) Rachael Carson, Silent Spring (1962)

4. Government’s Reaction Nixon Administration 1969-74 1969-National Environmental Policy Act (CEQ) 1970-EPA established 1972-FIFRA extensively amended (first passed in 1947) 1972-EPA cancels most uses of DDT 1972-The "Huffaker Project" $12.5 million (NSF, USDA, EPA)

5. Government’s Action Ford 1974, Carter 1977, Reagan 1981, Bush 1989-93 1975-CES Extension IPM, every state $0.5-$1.5 m 1979- “Adkisson Project” $3.5 million 1989-Biocontrol Centennial 1990-NBCI, ANBP, IBMA, etc. 1990-National Organic Production Act 1992- First National IPM Forum

6. Government’s Action Clinton Administration 1993-2001 1993-NAS, Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children; IPM Initiative, IPM in 75% of nation's crops by 2000; Pesticide reduction- DOD, GSA, USFS, NPS 1996- NAS, Ecologically Based Pest Management, New Solutions for a New Century; FQPA Act 1998-CSREES Regional IPM Centers, RIPM (GAO) 2001- G. W. Bush presidency relaxed regulation 2009- B. H. Obama presidency, reduce USDA, ARS; reorganize NIFA.

7. What is IPM? National Road Map for Integrated Pest Management (USDA, Office of Pest Management Policy) May 17, 2004 Integrated Pest Management, or IPM, is a long-standing, science-based, decision-making process that identifies and reduces risks from pests and pest management related strategies.. http://www.ipmcenters.org/Docs/IPMRoadMap.pdf

8. What is IPM? • IPM is the coordinated use of pest and environmentalinformationandavailablepest controlmethods… • toprevent unacceptablelevels of pest damage by the mosteconomical means... • with theleast possible hazardtopeople, property and the environment.

9. IPM System • Pest outbreaks & disease epidemics • Environmental contamination • Human health hazards • Pest mgmt. costs • Reduce • risk… INCREASE… • Reliability • Sustainability Chem Biological Control Cultural Methods

10. IPM Practices

11. Where is IPM practiced?

12. 7th International IPM Symposium Due to its tremendous success and acceptance, IPM is in: • Sustainable and organic agriculture • Food security, safety and quality • Community and school IPM • Environmental, conservation • Federal and state regulatory activities • Public health, renewable energy, etc. http://www.ipmcenters.org/ipmsymposium12/

13. What Causes Pest Outbreaks? Alien invasive species Disrupted environments Pesticide resistance Local invasions Perceptions Others causes?

14. Grower’s Reaction to Outbreaks

15. Reactionto a New Pest Alien Invasive Pest • Resistant Crop • Competitors • Natural enemies • Resistant varieties Vulnerable Crop • Pesticide program: • Application methods • Resistance management • New pesticides • Integrated pest management program: • Cultural practices • Scouting, Identification of pests and NE • Conservation of natural enemies • Augmentation of natural enemies • Reduced-risk insecticides • Resistance management

16. Generic IPM Program • Biological knowledge • Monitoring and inspection • Act to control pests when necessary • Choose least-risk options • Long-term, preventative practices • Evaluation and records • Pesticide management • Continual improvement

17. IPM Education and Training Pest Prevention and Detection • Prevent pest outbreaks through habitat manipulation and other cultural practices • Gain experience with pest habitats, e.g., crops or buildings • Know the life cycles of the host plants, pests and beneficial organisms • Understand the ecology and adaptability of the organisms

18. IPM Education and Training Pest Identification and Management • Utilize scouting and other monitoring techniques • Accurately identify key pest and beneficial organisms • Apply damage, economic and other action thresholds • Design systems of mitigation that minimize environmental impacts

19. IPM Education and Training General Knowledge and Professionalism • Practice safe and appropriate use of pesticides and other IPM tactics • Know current laws and regulations pertinent to pest management • Be able to rapidly access pest management information • Be involved in pest management and related organizations

20. IPM Capabilities • Education & experience. An inter-disciplinary education in the traditional scientific disciplines plus hands-on, practical experience is essential. • Synthesis & integration. Education and training prepare pest managers to synthesize knowledge from across disciplines and integrate pest management within entire production systems.

21. IPM Capabilities • Problem solving & critical thinking. Experience is gained in accurately diagnosing and rapidly solving plant health problems while minimizing environmental impacts and economic losses. • Speaking & writing effectively. Superior communication skills, both written and verbal, are required to effectively communicate IPM principles and practices.

22. IPM Education, Training and Credentials University of Florida (http://entnemdept.ifas.ufl.edu) • B.S., M.S. (thesis or not-thesis), Ph.D. degrees in Entomology or Nematology • Distance M.S. degree with a specialization in Entomology or Pest Management, or a Certificate in Urban Pest Management, Landscape Pest Management, or Pest Control Technology • Doctor of Plant Medicine (non-thesis, interdisciplinary)

23. IPM Education, Training and Credentials • University of Nebraska- Doctor of Plant Health • University M.S. programs • IPM3 distance education program (U. Minnesota) • Entomological Society of America- BCE, ACE • American Society of Agronomy- Certified Crop Advisor (CCA), Certified Professional Agronomist (CP-Ag), Certified Professional Plant Pathologist • National Alliance of Independent Crop Consultants- Crop Certification • State CCA, e.g., California

24. Direct Access to IPM Information • Habitat-specific integrated pest • management guides, fact sheets, • EDIS articles, Featured Creatures, etc. •   Links to specialized websites with pest • management information specific • to a crop or situation. • Key contacts for expert advice on • managing pests. •   Additional resources for pest • identification and management, • e.g., diagnostic services.

25. Electronic Data Information Source (EDIS) The EDIS website is a comprehensive, single-source repository of all current UF/IFAS numbered peer-reviewed publications (about 7,500). http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/

26. Electronic Data Information Source (EDIS) • Agriculture • Community Development • Environment • Families & Consumers • 4H Youth development • Lawn & Garden • Aquaculture • Crops • Livestock • Nursery & GH • Organic farming • Agricultural safety • Small farms • Turf & sod

28. Extension Guides

29. Featured Creatures provides in-depth profiles of insects, nematodes, arachnids and other organisms. The site is a cooperative venture of the University of Florida's Department of Entomology and Nematology and the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services' Division of Plant Industry. All articles are official publications of the University of Florida's Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.

31. Opportunities for Sustainable Food Crop Production • Research innovations • Technology implementation • Rapid information exchange • Education and training • Biosecurity and trade • Food safety- supply chain • Environmental stewardship

32. IPM for Florida Crops

33. http://ipm.ifas.ufl.edu IPM Floridaprovides statewide, interdisciplinary and inter-unit coordination and assistance for UF/IFAS integrated pest management research Extension and education faculty