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First five presidents

Learn about the first five presidents of the U.S. - George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and James Monroe - their terms, achievements, conflicts, and impact on the nation's history.  

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First five presidents

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  1. First five presidents U.S. History Standard 6

  2. George Washington – 1st president • Precedent – sets the example • 1789 – 1797 • No political party • Called Mr. President • Retired after 2 terms • Had a cabinet (helpers/advisors)

  3. Cabinet: State Departments • Sec’y of War – Henry Knox • Sec’y of Treasury – A. Hamilton • Sec’y of State – T. Jefferson • Atty General – Edmund Randolph

  4. Washington’s Cabinet conflicts Alexander Hamilton Thomas Jefferson antifederalist limit government to protect liberty wanted U.S. as an agrarian nation (agricultural) trusted the common people against a Bank of the U.S. • federalist • democracy should be limited to the elite! • wants U.S. to be an industrial power • keep close ties with Britain • wanted Bank of the United States

  5. Whiskey rebellion • Raised taxes on whiskey to pay for Revolutionary war • Hit farmers because of corn used to make whiskey • Farmers attacked tax collectors • Washington led his militia to stop the rebellion • Showed the government was now much stronger --- compared to shay’s

  6. Warned of political parties • Washington said political parties would divide our country… • Also wanted non-intervention in foreign wars

  7. John Adams – 2nd presidentone Term • Nation divided on which party should take over next • John Adams wins by a close margin • Back then, who ever came in second became the vice president! • Think about TRUMP/HILLARY!

  8. John Adams OVERVIEW: • one term, 1797-1801 • Federalist • great man, not a great manager

  9. Alien and sedition acts • Adams was a federalist and had conflicts with the democratic-republicans ALIEN ACT: • president could expel any foreigner • Naturalization Act: 14 years residency for citizenship and voting SEDITION ACT: • criminalized criticism of the gov’t • Federalist judges enforced Sedition Act

  10. Election of 1800 • VERY IMPORTANT!!!! • Tie between Jefferson and burr • House of rep. pick Jefferson • Peaceful transfer of power

  11. Thomas Jefferson – 3rd president1801-1809 • Expands presidential power • Louisiana purchase • Lewis and Clark expedition • First democratic-republican president • Strict-construction vs loose-construction

  12. Constitution Strict construction Loose construction Federalists The constitution is up for debate on some parts…a guideline Leaves states some power • Thomas Jefferson • Democratic republicans • Following constitution close!

  13. Louisiana purchase • Purchases land from Mississippi River to the Rocky MT. from France – 15 million dollars • Double the size of the US • Made the president more powerful by changing the borders himself.

  14. Lewis and Clark • Jefferson hires Lewis and Clark to explore the new 875,000 square miles of land. • 16 month journey well documented • Claimed Oregon

  15. Marbury v. Madison – gave federal government more power over states in determining laws • Used military to stop pirates in North Africa from extorting payments from US Ships as they passed the Mediterranean Sea • Placed an Embargo on the British to keep them from interfering with American ships

  16. James Madison – 4th President1809-1817 • War of 1812

  17. Causes of War of 1812 • France and Britain already at war since 1789 • 4 reasons to declare war on Britain • 1. British prevented US merchant ships from trading with France • 2. American sailors were being forced to work on British ships after being captured – impressment • 3. British were still in their forts along Miss. River in the US. • 4. US wanted to drive out British and take Canada

  18. War of 1812 • US not prepared for war – army only had about 3,000 trained and equipped soldiers • 3 fronts • Naval battles in the Atlantic • Fighting along Canadian border • Fighting in the South that ended in New Orleans

  19. War of 1812 • Very little success fighting but DID NOT give up any territory • US gained major respect from the rest of the world • Battle at Fort McHenry – Star Spangled Banner is written • Treaty of Ghent – Stalemate…no winner…neither wanted to fight • Battle of New Orleans – Last battle – Andrew Jackson – PIRATES!

  20. https://youtu.be/OWkOeK5AmI8

  21. Outcome of War of 1812 • New AMERICAN identity • Ended the Federalist Party • Gained Respect from the world for beating the British twice now – REAL COUNTRY

  22. James Monroe – 5th President1817-1825 • Monroe Doctrine • Democratic-Republican • Era of Good Feeling

  23. Era of Good feeling • New American identify after War of 1812 • Everyone rallied behind one political party – Democratic-Republicans • Things are good in the U.S.

  24. Monroe Doctrine • James Monroe told Europe to stay out of American Politics • Told them no more COLONIES on our side of the world • US would stay neutral in future European wars –WE ARE MINDING OUR OWN BUSINESS

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