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INDUS BASIN CHALLENGE – THE NEED FOR A COLLECTIVE RESPONSE Dams, Dams and Even More Dams

INDUS BASIN CHALLENGE – THE NEED FOR A COLLECTIVE RESPONSE Dams, Dams and Even More Dams (Storages, Storages & More Storages) AHMAD KHAN BHATTI May , 2016. NEED FOR STORAGE. Our Water Resources: Rainfall, snow & glacier melt (What comes from the Sky)

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INDUS BASIN CHALLENGE – THE NEED FOR A COLLECTIVE RESPONSE Dams, Dams and Even More Dams

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  1. INDUS BASIN CHALLENGE – THE NEED FOR A COLLECTIVE RESPONSE Dams, Dams and Even More Dams (Storages, Storages & More Storages) AHMAD KHAN BHATTI May , 2016

  2. NEED FOR STORAGE • Our Water Resources: Rainfall, snow & glacier melt(What comes from the Sky) • Large seasonal and annual variability • 85% during Kharif (more than our need for Kharif) • 15% during Rabi (less than our requirement for Rabi) • Surplus from Summer months needs to be stored for Winter

  3. CARRY OVER STORAGE • Historic pattern of wet and dry years • Drought years 74-75, 82-83, 2000-2002 (Jhelum & Chenab – 1999-2000) • Storage needed to conserve water for drought periods • Carry over storage not available at present

  4. CARRY OVER CAPACITY OF DIFFERENT COUNTRIES • Storage Capacity per Capita: • USA - 5000 Cubic Meters • China - 2200 Cubic Meters • Pakistan - 150 Cubic Meters • Carry-over Capacity: • Colorado River (USA) - 900 days of river runoff • Murray-Darling River (Australia) - 900 days of river runoff • Aswan Dam (Egypt) - 700 days of river runoff • India (Different Basins) - 120-200 days • Pakistan - 30 days (about 10% of river flow against international good practice of 40%)

  5. WHERE TO STORE WATER • Large storages possible only on large rivers • Indus: - Shyok / Katzarah - 6MAF / 690MW • - Bhasha - 8.1MAF / 4500MW • - Kalabagh - 6.1MAF / 3600MW • Jhelum: Some sites between Muzafarabad& Mangla • Chenab: – No Site for large Dam (except small storages at Marala and Chiniot) • Medium and small storage on streams and nullahs (where feasible)

  6. OFF CHANNEL STORAGES • Indus • - Akhori Dam • - Dhok Pathan • (Serious Environment Issues) • Jhelum • - Rohtas (Serious Environment Issues) 6MAF / 600MW

  7. AKHORI DAM LAYOUT PLAN

  8. DHOK PATHAN DAM LAYOUT PLAN

  9. BENEFITS OF STORING WATER • Food security • Drinking water supply • Cheap Hydropower • Flood Management • Drought mitigation • Environmental benefits • Economic benefits during construction

  10. STORING WATER UNDERGROUND • Huge Potential • Safe from Evaporation Losses • Safe from Sedimentation • No Conveyance System required • Available on demand • Efficient use of water

  11. HOW TO CREATE UNDERGROUND STORAGE • Taking flood water to designated storage sites: • - Greater Thal Canal • - Thar Canal (two lakes 0.45 MAF) • In River Beds of eastern rivers (Ravi, Sutlej) • Local retention of water in the fields by restricted entry to surface drains • Artificial Recharge • - in drain beds • - Urban areas • - Horizontal/vertical shafts

  12. MORATORIUM ON DAMS & DEVELOPMENT THROUGH: • Dis-information: • Sindh will become a desert • Flooding upstream in Nowshehra • Water logging & salinity in Mardan & Pabbi • Specific case of disinformation • - water is being pumped out from CJ Link Canal • - Work on Kalabagh Dam has already started

  13. THANK YOU

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