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1042-65 Reign of Edward the Confessor 1066 Battle of Hastings Harold Godwineson Harold Hardrada William of Normandy. Map Link: Dominions of William the Conqueror about 1087: < http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd/ williams_dominions_1087.jpg >.
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1042-65 Reign of Edward the Confessor 1066 Battle of Hastings Harold Godwineson Harold Hardrada William of Normandy Map Link: Dominions of William the Conqueror about 1087: <http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd/ williams_dominions_1087.jpg>
1087 Death of William the Conqueror. William II Rufus gets England, Robert gets Normandy 1100 William Rufus killed in New Forest 1100-35 Reign of Henry I Corps of royal justices Employment of sheriffs Treasurer and two chamberlains of the exchequer at Winchester
Matilda, wife of Geoffrey of Anjou Stephen of Blois (r. 1135-54) Henry Plantagenet
Capetians Ile-de-France Philip I (r. 1060-1108) Map Link: France about 1035: <http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd_1911 /shepherd-c-061.jpg>
1108-37 Reign of Louis the Fat 1125 Louis places Suger, Abbot of St Denis (d. 1151) in charge of civil administration 1137 Marriage of Eleanor of Aquitaine to future Louis VII 1137-80 Reign of Louis VII
1137-80 Reign of Louis VII 1152 Annulment of marriage of Louis VII and Eleanor of Aquitaine. Eleanor marries Henry Plantagenet 1165 Louis VII and Adèle of Blois have a son, Philip (II Augustus) Map Link: France 1154-1184: <http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd_1911/ shepherd-c-069.jpg>
Henry II (r. 1154-89) Angevin Empire (Anjou) Taking control of nobility Increasing state income - scutage Map Link: Angevin Empire: <http://go.grolier.com/map?id=mh00069&pid=go>
Constitutions of Clarendon, 1164: Bishops to do homage for secular lands before consecration No appeals to pope by clergy without royal permission Clerics accused of criminal offenses to be degraded by ecclesiastical court, punished by royal court
Thomas Becket (Archbishop of Canterbury, 1162-70) “double jeopardy”
1160s Henry institutes procedure to bring cases to court even if the injured party is unable to 1179 Henry expands use of juries common law Henry’s court as intellectual centre
1189 Henry dies after defeated by Richard and Philip II Augustus 1189-99 Reign of Richard I Lionheart 1199-1216 Reign of King John
Kings Nobility Clergy Map Link: The Holy Roman Empire under the Hohenstaufen, 1138-1254 : <http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd/ roman_empire_1138_1254.jpg>
1106-25 Reign of Henry V as Holy Roman Emperor 1125-37 Reign of (Welf) Lothar of Saxony as Holy Roman Emperor 1137 Lothar designates Henry the Proud as King of Germany, but electors choose (Hohenstaufen) Conrad III (r. 1138-52)
Frederick I Barbarossa of Swabia (Hohenstaufen, r. 1152-90), relative of (Welf) Henry the Lion of Saxony and Bavaria Franconia Burgundy S. Saxony
1156 Frederick marries heiress to Burgundy, then invades Lombardy 1157 Pope Adrian IV (p. 1154-59) sends letter to Frederick at Besançon beneficium 1159-81 Papacy of Alexander III
1162 Frederick takes Milan 1167 Communes of Lombardy form Lombard League 1176 Lombard League routs Frederick’s army at Legnano 1177 Frederick makes peace with Lombard League and Alexander III 1180 Frederick confiscates Henry the Lion’s fiefs
1183 Frederick comes to agreement with Lombard League 1190 Death of Frederick
1085 Alphonso VI of León-Castile (r. 1065-1109) takes Toledo al-murabitun (Almoravids) Map Link: Spain, 910-1492: <http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd_1911/ shepherd-c-082-083.jpg>
Norman Sicily 1113-54 Reign of Roger II Map Link: Kingdom of Sicily, 1154: <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/ 5/5a/Kingdom_of_Sicily_1154.svg/529px- Kingdom_of_Sicily_1154.svg.png>
Mid 12th c. English begin expanding into and settling in Ireland Map Link: Island of Ireland, 1300: <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/ Ireland_1300.png>
10th-13th c. Formation of kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden Map Link: Europe in the 12th Century: <http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/ europe_12thcentury_1884.jpg>
(Future) Russia Poland (after 1138) Bohemia (part of Holy Roman Empire by early 11th c., re-unified by Otakar I (r. 1192-1230) in 1200) Hungary Bulgaria Serbia
Kings needing support of nobility and clergy, but achieved by various means (Sicily, E. Europe, Holy Roman Empire) Dangers to position (Frederick/Alexander III, E. Europe, Poland)
Cappella Palatina, Palermo (bt. 1132-40) Roger II (r. 1130-54) muqarnas
Suger of St Denis (c. 1081-1151) Childhood friend of Louis VI. Monastic education. Rose through ranks. 1121-22 Elected Abbot of St Denis Advisor to Louis VI and Louis VII. Regent of France while Louis VII on Second Crusade Vita Ludovici Grossi Regis
Henry of Huntingdon (c. 1080-1160) Anglo-Norman chronicler. Son of archdeacon of Huntingdon/canon of Lincoln Cathedral 1110 Became archdeacon of Huntingdon Wrote poetry, prose, HistoriaAnglorum Used English, Norman French, Latin sources