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How the Trich is Done (-in)

How the Trich is Done (-in). A Success Story* for the Land-Grant College Concept in California * (work in progress). How it all began. CA beef ranch having repro problems Manager phones Extension agent Refer. DVM contacts UCD VMTH/AES faculty Phone consult: bring repro tracts to UCD.

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How the Trich is Done (-in)

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  1. How the Trich is Done(-in) A Success Story* for the Land-Grant College Concept in California * (work in progress)

  2. How it all began • CA beef ranch having repro problems • Manager phones Extension agent • Refer. DVM contacts UCD VMTH/AES faculty • Phone consult: bring repro tracts to UCD

  3. History (more) Post-coital pyometra Tritrichomonas foetus

  4. Routine follow-up visitby VMTH/AES faculty

  5. Coop. Ext. “Present at the Creation”

  6. Sensitivity of diagnostic methodWhat are the chances I’ll miss a + bull? = No. of positive cultures Total cultures taken from known positive bulls = 81.6% before treatment = 75% after 1 treatment Probability of missing a + bull after 3 neg cultures = 1/167

  7. Efficacy of TreatmentPlayers: Producer, CE, AES • 1 dose ipronidazole 39/42 92.8% • 3 doses ipronidazole 31/31 100% • Within 18 months, FDA banned ipronidazole and all members of the same family of drugs • Only options: test and slaughter

  8. Vet. Coop. Extension: Testing a new test

  9. “Trich” DxLocal CA company’s innovation • Start with bulls • Gold standard = smegma culture (Se = 90%) • Sp (presumed 100%)

  10. The “Virgin bull” problemPlayers: Western States’ Dx, AES labs • Dogma: Bulls < 3 are “safe” • But virgin bulls (< 2) were showing + cultures • “Network” of AES labs* and State Dx labs formed • Showed that “Virgin Bull Isolate” was NOT T.foetus, but rather… * Through USDA – W112 Regional Research Project

  11. More goodcompanyCollaborators in trich research Mark Anderson, CAHFS Lab Lynette Corbeil, UCSD Rich Walker, CAHFS Lab

  12. Extramural funding for trich Funding sources • CFAH (Ag Experiment Station) • USDA NRI (with Lynette Corbeil) • NIH • California Cattlemen’s Association • NAAB

  13. Legal/Regulatory Changesin consultation w/ AES/CE faculty, CCA DVM’s certified to diagnose trich New molecular test (PCR) made “official” test Mandatory reporting of positive results

  14. Partial Cast of characters • Chris Nelson, San Felipe Ranch • Jim Correa, Private DVM practitioner, Merced • Jim Farley, Coop. Extension, Merced Co. • Ben Norman, Vet. Coop. Ext. Beef Spec. • Bob BonDurant, UCD VMTH/AES faculty • Alex Yule, London Sch Trop Med, Hygiene • Sue Skirrow, Australia • Mark Anderson, Rich Walker, CAHFS • Lynette Corbeil, Sch Med., UCSD • 11 western states diagnostic and AES labs • Anita Edmundson, CDFA • Rich Walker, Mark Anderson, CAHFS

  15. Output • Sensitivity of old, new diagnostic tests • Statewide prevalence survey • Characterization of trich “look-alikes” • Show that “look-alikes” are NOT pathogens • Develop molec assay to ID look-alikes • Certify DVM’s to culture and read cultures • Certify labs to run confirming PCR

  16. Output (cont) • Regulatory changes  reportable disease • Studies on pathogenesis of preg. Loss • Studies on immune environment that allows carrier state in bulls. • Studies on “relatedness” of T. foetus from • `cattle • pigs • Cats (!)

  17. And it all started with one phone call…

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