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Periodic Table of Elements

Learn about the arrangement of elements in the periodic table, including periods and groups. Understand the concept of atomic number, mass number, isotopes, and ions. Discover how compounds are formed through electron exchange between elements.

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Periodic Table of Elements

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  1. Periodic Table of Elements • Ch. 5 Sec. 2

  2. Arrangement • Increasing proton # (ATOMIC #) from left to right.

  3. Periods & Groups • Period = horizontal row • 7 periods on table • Group or Family = vertical columns • 18 groups on table

  4. Periods & Groups • Groups (18) • Periods (7)

  5. Using Periodic Table • Has the following: • Element Name • Element Symbol (1 or 2 letters) • Atomic # • Atomic Mass or Mass #

  6. Atomic # • PROTON # • Helium - 2 p+ • P+ = e- • So… Helium also has 2 e-

  7. Practice (don’t write) • How many p+ and e- does the element have? • 7 p+ and e-

  8. Mass # or Atomic Mass (Decimal) • P+ plus No • Ex: Helium has 4 (round off) p+ and no • Atomic mass minus atomic # = no • Ex: Helium - 4 (mass #) minus 2 (atomic #) = 2 no

  9. Mass # (don’t write) • How many p+, no, and e- does Lithium have? • Protons = 3 • Electrons = 3 • Neutrons = 7-3 = 4

  10. Isotopes • Isotopes = element with diff. # of no • Ex: Hydrogen - atomic # =1 (1 proton) • H-1 = protium - 0 n • H-2 = deuterium - 1 n • H-3 = tritium - 2 n

  11. Isotopes of Hydrogen

  12. More Practice (don’t write) • How many p+, no, e- does C-12 have? • 6 p, 6 e, 6 n • How many p+, no, e- does C-14 have? • 6 p, 6 e, 8 n

  13. Atomic Mass • Weighted average of all known isotopes (why it’s a decimal) • Ex: Cl-35 (75%) & Cl-37 (25%) on Earth • More Cl-35 so mass on Periodic Table is closer to 35 (35.45)

  14. Compounds & Ions • Elements swap e- when making compounds • P+ always stay the same

  15. Ions • If outer shells are not full (2 in 1st shell, 8 in other shells) atom loses or gains e- = ion • Not neutral anymore

  16. Cations • Atoms with 1 or 2 e- in outer shell lose e- • Cations - lose e (-) and makes atom (+) • *The cat was positive about his loss.

  17. Atoms with 6 or 7 e- in outer shell gain to get full Anions - gain e (-) and make atom more (-) Anions Gained Electron

  18. Lithium (don’t write) • Lithium - 1 valence e- • Not happy • Gives 1 e- away and has 2 in new outside shell (full) • Cation

  19. Fluorine (don’t write) • Fluorine - 7 valence e- • Not happy • Gains 1 e- to get 8 in outer shell (full) • Anion

  20. Lithium and Fluorine Making a Compound Using Ions Lithium gave its electron to Fluorine (both are full in outer shell now)

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