Streetwise considerations for the initial ic

1. Woodinville Fire and Rescue Presents Streetwise considerationsfor the initial ic

2. Woodinville Fire & Rescue • Welcome • Opening remarks • Introductions • Housekeeping • Radios & pagers • Schedule • 0900 ~ 1200 • Break 1030 ~ 1045 4th Quarter Chief's Training

3. Chief’s Training – 4th Quarter • Objectives:Identify the streetwise considerations of an initial Incident Commander regarding: • Size-Up • Risk-Benefit-Analysis factors • Incident scene risk profiles • ICS implementation • FF expectations of the IC 4th Quarter Chief's Training

4. Size-up considerations

5. Size-Up Considerations • The factors identified in an accurate size-up report vary based on the nature of the incident • Example: an MCI will be different than a fire • ICs should be aware of additional factors that may be appropriate to include in a radio size-up report such as wind, hazards, etc. For fires – a 3600 review of the structure should/must be done if possible 4th Quarter Chief's Training

6. Size-Up Considerations, cont. • On any incident it is unlikely that all pertinent information will be immediately available • ICs should obtain sufficient information to make accurate and complete size-up reports –balanced against the timeliness of the report • Additional or progress reports can provide new or updated information • Remember – paint the picture…and repaint it 4th Quarter Chief's Training

7. Fire Size-Up Report Contents • A Fire Size-Up Report contains: • Unit ID and Location • Degree / type of fire • Specific location, e.g. basement, floor 3, attic • Building height • Type of construction • Type of occupancy • Building size • Exposures • Tactical operations 3600 3600 3600 3600 4th Quarter Chief's Training

8. MCI Size-Up Report Contents • An MCI Size-Up Report contains: • Unit ID and Location • Problem ID • MVA, collapse, hazmat, auto-ped, AWW • Number of patients • Estimated if necessary • Patient conditions • By triage color and if appropriate their location, e.g. 6 red on bus #1; 8 yellow on bus #2; 12 green at E17 apparatus 4th Quarter Chief's Training 4th Quarter Chief's Training

9. Trench Size-Up Report Contents • A Trench Size-Up Report contains: • Unit ID and Location • Problem ID • Cave-in, collapse, landslide • Description: size, length, width, depth • Hazards • Atmospheric, electrical, mechanical • Victim information • Number, location, time last seen, medical condition 4th Quarter Chief's Training

10. Confined Space Report Contains • A Confined Space Size-Up Report contains: • Unit ID & Location • Confirmation of a “Confined Space Incident”* • Problem ID • Type of confined space • Hazards (atmospheric, electrical, mechanical) • Victims • Number, location, time last seen, medical condition *Meets the confined space criteria 4th Quarter Chief's Training

11. HazMat Size-Up Report Contents • A HazMat Size-Up Report contains: • Unit ID and Location • Problem ID • Overturned tanker / derailed tankcar / leaking container • Spill: large/small, approximate quantity, leak flow rate • Fire / no fire • Known /unknown product • Visible description: color,solid, liquid, vapor (continued) 4th Quarter Chief's Training

12. HazMat Size-Up, cont. • Structure involved • Residence, high-rise, tank farm, warehouse, ship • Weather and terrain • Wind direction / speed; rain and run-off • Slope with directionals (N/S/E/W); pooling locations • Runoff issues • Storm drain, culvert, stream, ditch, environmental • Victims • Number, location, last seen, medical condition 4th Quarter Chief's Training

13. Water Rescue Size-Up Contents • A Water Rescue Size-Up Report contains: • Unit ID and Location • Problem ID • Swimmer, overturned vessel, collision, run-over by • Distance from shore, access issues, water depth (est.) • Victim information • How many, last seen location, medical condition • Witness statements • Triangulation actions, spotters, witness positions 4th Quarter Chief's Training

14. Marine Fire Size-Up Contents • A Marine Size-Up report contains: • Unit ID and Location including: • Pier, dock, terminal, dry-dock • Visual indicators • Smoke, color, fire location, vessel listing • Vessel length, type, name • Pier / dock description • Wood, concrete, covered/uncovered, sprinklered • Exposure issues, vessels broken loose or on fire 4th Quarter Chief's Training

15. Additional Factors for Consideration • The following may be applicable to more than one type of incident: • Climate – wind, temperature,lightening, rainfall • Terrain – slope, ditches, lowareas, high ground • Resources – significantly delayed(snow), limited units, water issues,foam limitations, shoring materials 4th Quarter Chief's Training

16. Additional Factors, cont. • Unusual hazards such as a terrorist nexus, assailants, multiple or concurrent incidents, chemical properties (e.g. cryogenics) • Access – freeway restrictions,low overheads, difficult routes,traffic hazards, wrong-way travel 4th Quarter Chief's Training

17. Risk-Benefit-analysis factors

18. Risk-Benefit-Analysis Factors • Risk-benefit • Loss-gain • Reward vs risk • Calculated risk • Return on investment • Odds • Gambling RISK BENEFIT 4th Quarter Chief's Training

19. RBA & Operational Risk Assessment • Risk Benefit Analysis: “the comparison of the risk of a situation to its related benefits” • Operational Risk Assessment is the equivalent • Comparative risk does not pertain to civilians in the context of emergency response • Comparative riskapplies to firefighters • Size-Up and RBA areanongoing process 4th Quarter Chief's Training

20. Basis of Firefighting Risk Analysis • Firefighting risk analysis is based on: • Visual cues: smoke, appearance of the structure, age, construction, degree of involvement, etc. • Other intel: occupant / witness statements • Tactical communications: what crews are telling you from inside and areas not visible to you • Time versus task: what needs to be done; what’s available to do it; how long it will take; what could happen in the meantime 4th Quarter Chief's Training

21. RBA and Firefighter Safety Hazards • Hazards leading to firefighter injuries and deaths can be categorized several ways • One method looks at the root cause: • Plans, Policies, Procedures • Personnel • Organization and Leadership • Equipment and Systems • Training 4th Quarter Chief's Training

22. Hazard Categorization Methods • Another method groups hazards based on classifications, such as: • Atmospheric • Electrical • Mechanical • Structural • Environmental • Chemical • Thermal 4th Quarter Chief's Training

23. Hazard Categorization, cont. • And yet another method analyzes known hazards, human error, equipment failures, unforeseen events, statistics, etc. • Regardless of the method, emergency responders must understand and mitigate or minimize these hazards through: • Recognition • Knowledge, skills, and abilities • Contingency planning 4th Quarter Chief's Training

24. Scene Safety Overview • Safety hazards may be identified as: • General – common to most responses • Specific – based on the incident type (some hazards apply to more than one type) Disclaimer: It is impossible to identify every conceivable safety hazard for every type of incident. The following lists are therefore starting points for consideration. 4th Quarter Chief's Training

25. General Hazard Considerations • Responding: • Seatbelts • Defensive driving • Correct driving skills • Minimized distractions • District knowledge 4th Quarter Chief's Training

26. General Hazard Considerations, cont. • Arrival: • Appropriate rig placement that is upwind, uphill, not obstructing, safe (e.g. weight-rated dock) • Safe proximity from traffic hazards, hostile crowd, contaminated patients • Positioned clear of downed power lines (or those with potential to come down), collapse or glass-fall zones, explosion potential or shooter zones with LE 4th Quarter Chief's Training

27. General Hazard Considerations, cont. • Command and control: • Accountability and appropriate organizational structure • Leadership and taking command • Decision making • Accurate / timely / complete (3600) / size-ups and RBAs • Updated size-ups and RBAs • Contingency planning • Resource time and task assessment(s) • Communications 4th Quarter Chief's Training

28. General Hazard Considerations, cont. • Environment and terrain: • Wind: wind-shifts, canyon effect, wind-sail, stability • Rain and runoff • Lightening • Snow and ice: slip/fall for personnel; delayed responses; increased burn time; access restrictions; rooftop efforts • Slope: runoff; basements; building complexity; access • Ground: soft, shifting, sliding, sloughing, engulfing 4th Quarter Chief's Training

29. General Hazard Considerations, cont. • System and equipment failures • Mask failure • Radio failure • TIC failure • Rope failure • Water supply, pump, or line failure • Standpipe / fire suppression system failure 4th Quarter Chief's Training

30. General Hazard Considerations, cont. • Personnel (and personal): • KSAs (pre-response) • Self-limiting • Situational awareness and orientation • Air management and personal accountability • PPE • Unanticipated human actions: • Homeowner – open doors; return inside; bad information • Firefighters – excessive risk; tunnel vision; hubris 4th Quarter Chief's Training

31. Specific Scenario Hazards • Structure fires: • Hostile fire events • Crews above the fire • Crews in the fire pathway • Wind-driven fires • Uncoordinated tactics • Electrical • Falls (through a floor or roof) • Collapse (roof / floor / wall) • Construction (lightweight truss; heavy tile roof; pony wall) 4th Quarter Chief's Training

32. Specific Scenario Hazards, cont. • Structure fire hazards, continued: • Shaftways (highrise / fall into) • Unprotected falls (warehouse mezzanine / storage levels) • CO post-fire (basements; pockets; highrise top floors) • Post-fire overhaul collapse wall / roof / floor / chimney • Disorientation and air management • Warehouses (4-person crews; 2 TICs; limited egress) • Enclosed spaces with limited egress (basements; strip-malls; vessels, commercial occupancies) 4th Quarter Chief's Training

33. Specific Scenario Hazards, cont. • Vessel fires: • Fire load / unknown cargo / hazmat • Listing issues / mooring lines / shifting cargo / instability • Limited access / egress • Disorientation / confusing layouts / air management 4th Quarter Chief's Training

34. Specific Scenario Hazards, cont. • Vessel fires, continued: • Extreme heat / fire conditions / conductive extension • Burn rate of crews / fatigue / medical potential • Slip-trip-fall hazards • Hazards from atmospheric / mechanical / shore-power • Communications limitations 4th Quarter Chief's Training

35. Specific Scenario Hazards, cont. • HazMat: • Physical properties of chemicals (heavier than air vapors; cryogenics; skin reaction; etc.) • Explosion hazards andproximity of firefighting efforts • Evacuation / isolationdownwind • Downwind / down-slope • Reaction hazards • Enclosed spaces 4th Quarter Chief's Training

36. Specific Scenario Hazards, cont. • Trench, confined space, mechanical rescue: • Engulfment (including from product) • Secondary collapse • Proximity of spoils • Self-initiated civilian rescue actions that interfere • Heavy equipment operation • High noise / loss of situational awareness • In-ground hazards (hazmat / vapors / leaks) • Site hazards (rebar fall hazards; unstable footing) • Lock-out tag-out for machinery, electrical, etc. 4th Quarter Chief's Training

37. Specific Scenario Hazards, cont. • Water rescue: • Self-limitation (not swimming too far / until fatigued / surface dives into unknown conditions) • Wind and tide effects • PPE (flotation) • Underwater visibility issues • Underwater hazards in general • Civilian rescuers • Uncoordinated vessel actions (coordination between LE and LE dive teams) 4th Quarter Chief's Training

38. Specific Scenario Hazards, cont. • Freeway responses: • Inattentive civilian vehicle traffic • DUIs • Limited access necessitating wrong-way access • MVA / rescues: • Vehicle hazards (airbags; bumper struts; electrical; HIDs) • Fuel tanks (explosion and/or runoff) • Cargo (hazmat) • Unstable vehicles 4th Quarter Chief's Training

39. Specific Scenario Hazards, cont. • AWW or active shooter: • Assailant(s) (location / number) • Hostile crowds • Instability of the scene • Potential new threats from any side • Scene security (only a ‘snapshot’ in time – false security) • Poor or slow coordination with law enforcement • PPE and exposure protection 4th Quarter Chief's Training

40. Specific Scenario Hazards, cont. • Railroad / light-rail rescue: • Access • Slip-trip-fall hazards • Rail-line shut downs • Electrical hazards onboard and overhead • Control lines / hoses hazards (air, hydraulic, etc.) • If elevated platform – access and fall hazards • If in tunnel – limited access; atmospheric; excessive fatigue 4th Quarter Chief's Training

41. Incident scenerisk profiles

42. Risk Profiles for Structure Fires • Five general categories or “Profiles” are identified for the assessment process • Life • Fire • Building • Tactical • Property 4th Quarter Chief's Training

43. Life (Rescue) Profile - Considerations • Life (rescue) is the most heavily weighted: • Victim probability • Access to victim(s) • Rescue plan • Survivable areas • Ability to remove victims • Tactical plan to support rescue • Adequacy of resources to effect rescue • Ability to provide rescue to firefighters 4th Quarter Chief's Training

44. Fire Profile – Considerations • This Profile is the most dynamic: • Location of the fire • Structure or contents • Percent of involvement • Potential for hostile events • Ventilation or fuel controlled • Ongoing burn time evaluation • Fire travel – interior, exterior, void • Estimated burn time prior to arrival • Fire progression versus deployment analysis 4th Quarter Chief's Training

45. Building Profile – Considerations • Basic features, characteristics, and weaknesses: • Construction type and inherent issues • Building complexity – floors, grade, compartmentalization • Occupancy type • Building knowledge • Collapse potential from fire and live or dead loading • Roof and floor construction • Fuel loading and/or hazardous materials or processes • Fire protection systems 4th Quarter Chief's Training

46. Tactical Profile – Considerations • Available resources balanced with priorities: • Adequacy of attack, backup, and exposure lines • Search and rescue resources • Ventilation plan based on VVDC • Water supply including redundancy • Tactical reserve based on burn-rate of crews • Access to fire point of origin • RIT / RIG established • Command and control including accountability 4th Quarter Chief's Training

47. Property Profile – Considerations • The last consideration for firefighter risk: • Fire, smoke, and water damage • Savable contents • Savable structure • Savable business continuity Note: Environmental protection is not discussedbut is often a factor or profile that is ranked above property conservation 4th Quarter Chief's Training

48. Ics implementation

49. A Brief Refresher…With Emphasis • Focus on initial setup and proactive establishment of Division/Group Supervisors • Review roles, responsibilities, authority, delegation, and micro-management issues • Look at chain-of-command, unity of command, and unified command • Identify responsibilities based on ICS structure and positions 4th Quarter Chief's Training

50. Modular, Scalable, Flexible Do you need this…or this? 4th Quarter Chief's Training