The Philosophy and science of caring in nursing

1. vocabulary and meaning. Jean Watson The Philosophy and science of caring in nursing Bianca Blanco Dana Galloway

2. Ten Carative Factors Uses a decidedly spiritual dimension. Overt evocation of love and care. Each uses a dynamic phenomenological component. The first three are the philosophical foundation for the science of caring.

3. Major Concepts and Definitions • 1. Formation of a Humanistic-Altruistic system of values: • A. These values learned in childhood. • B. Can be influenced by nurse-educators. • C. Definition: Satisfaction through giving and extension of the sense of self.

4. 2. Instillation of Faith-Hope • A. Incorporates humanistic and altruistic values. • B. Facilitates the promotion of holistic nursing care and positive health within the patient population. • C. Describes nurse’s role in developing nurse-patient interrelationships. • D. Nurse’s role in promoting wellness by helping the patient adopt health-seeking behaviors.

5. 3. Cultivation of Sensitivity to Self and to Others • A. Recognition of feelings to self-actualization through self-acceptance for both nurse and patient. • B.As nurses acknowledge their sensitivity and feelings, they become more genuine, authentic, and sensitive to others.

6. 4. Development of a helping-trust relationship • A. Development of helping-trust relationship between the nurse and patient crucial to personal caring. • B. Trusting relationship promotes expression of positive and negative feelings. • C. Congruence evolves into being real, genuine, understood by the other. Empathy. • D. Either positive or negative is expressed physically.

7. 5. Promotion and Acceptance of the Expression of Positive and Negative Feelings • A. Sharing of feelings is risk-taking for nurse and patience. • B. The nurse must be prepared for either positive or negative feelings. • C. The nurse must recognize the intellectual and emotional understandings of a situation differ.

8. 6. Systematic use of the Scientific Problem-Solving Method for Decision Making • A. Use of the nursing process brings a scientific problem-solving approach to nursing care, dispelling the old image of a nurse being a doctor’s handmaiden. • B. The nursing process is similar to the research process in that it is systematic and organized.

9. 7. Promotion of Interpersonal Teaching-Learning • A. Separates caring from curing. • B. Allows the patient to be informed and shifts responsibility for wellness to the patient. • C. Nurse facilitates this process with teaching-learning to enable patients to provide self-care, • determine personal needs, and provide opportunities for their personal growth.

10. 8. Provision for Supportive, Protective, and Corrective Mental, Physical, Sociocultural, and Spiritual Environmental • A. Nurses must recognize the internal and external environments have on health and illness of individuals. • B. Concepts relevant to the internal include mental and spiritual well-being and sociocultural beliefs of an individual. • C. In addition to epidemiological variables, other variables include comfort, privacy, safety, clean, aesthetic surroundings.

11. 9. Assistance with Gratification of Human Needs • A. The nurse recognizes biophysical, psychophysical, psychosocial, and intrapersonal needs of self and patient. • B. Patients must satisfy lower needs before higher needs: • Food, elimination, ventilation – lower biophysical needs • Self-actualization is a higher-order intrapersonal need.

12. 10. Allowance for Existential-Phenomenological Forces • A. Phenomenology-data of the immediate situation that help us understand phenomena at hand. • B. Existential psychology-science of human existence that uses phenomenological analysis. • C. Goals are preventive health, situational support, teaching problem-solving skills, recognizing coping skills and adaptation to loss.