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BTS – Devices - I

BTS – Devices - I. Detection, Monitoring, and Protection. Device Functionalities. Detection X-ray machines, and Penetration devices Non-intrusive devices Radars Sensor nodes Cameras Monitoring Surveillance cameras Sensor networks Physical Protection Vehicle stopping systems.

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BTS – Devices - I

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  1. BTS – Devices - I Detection, Monitoring, and Protection CSE 8394

  2. Device Functionalities • Detection • X-ray machines, and Penetration devices • Non-intrusive devices • Radars • Sensor nodes • Cameras • Monitoring • Surveillance cameras • Sensor networks • Physical Protection • Vehicle stopping systems CSE 8394

  3. Micro Impulse Radar (MIR) • Cheap, small, low-power ultra-wideband radar device • Developed by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) • Applications • Concrete penetrating radar • Many feet into concrete/rubble • Used in WTC • Can be configured for range detection and keep-out zone security CSE 8394

  4. MIR Technology • Uses an impulse of radio signal • Peak power much higher than the average • Ultra-wideband spectrum (several GHz wide) • More sensitive in gauging distance and object properties compared to traditional radars • Claims to detect stealth-aircraft with details on the edges CSE 8394

  5. MIR Security Applications • Locating buried or hidden objects such as landmines and unexploded ordnance • Discovering subterranean tunnels for human infiltration or smuggling • Micro-Air Vehicles (MAV) • New class aircrafts with target dimensions < 6in in any direction • Military applications, reconnaissance, surveillance of inner cities, communication relays • Use UWB radars for stringent response time requirements, parameter control, range locking, low power and small size CSE 8394

  6. Radar Flashlight • Uses narrow 16-degree radar beam (FCC approved band) • To detect people behind closed doors and other obstructions • Useful to police (ambush situations and such) • For monitoring vital signs without having to remove protective clothing • Will not work on water or metal CSE 8394

  7. Baggage Screening Technologies • Computed tomography (CT) • X-ray scanning • Stoichiometric detectors • Ultrasonic and thermal imaging • Gamma-ray imaging CSE 8394

  8. CT and X-Ray Machines • Technology borrowed from medical field • Approved products form InVision Technologies and L-3 Technologies • How it works • Produces a scan projection • Computer decides which other slices need to be taken by the rotating X-ray source • If a match with explosive objects, flag it (EDS) • Cannot really identify the chemical composition • 17-30% false positive rate (Chocolate, jam etc. present similar density characteristics as explosives) CSE 8394

  9. Complementary Technologies for CT • QR sensors • Sends magnetic signals and collect the response to determine target characteristics • Range is only 2 inches, not good for checked in baggage CSE 8394

  10. Stoichiometric Detection (SD) • Deciphering of the chemical formulas of unknown substances • Non-intrusive technology to retrieve the chemical formula and 3D image of explosives from a 3 ft distance • Developed by HiEnergy technologies • Related physics is called Atometry CSE 8394

  11. SD (cont’d) • How it works: • The target is irradiated with fast neutrons tagged with alpha particles • Neutrons, in turn, cause the agents to emit prompt gamma rays back to the 'SuperSenzor” • Electronically processing the alpha and gamma signals, formulas are obtained revealing the atomic proportions of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen(key elements for deciphering explosives and organic compounds) CSE 8394

  12. Thermal Imaging • Captures heat emitted by objects • Warmer objects irradiates more than cooler objects • Advantages • Vision at night without any ambient light (ie. stars, moon) • Excellent resolution compared to night vision devices • See through smoke and gases • Completely passive (provide user with imagery withoutannouncing to intruders that they are being monitored) CSE 8394

  13. Gamma-Ray Imaging • Used for detecting nuclear weapons • Can detect weak radioactive sources that would otherwise be hidden by the natural background of gamma-ray emissions • Can remotely survey large areas and individual objects for GR emissions and produce 3D images • Two types • GRIS – GR imaging spectrometer • Compton Camera CSE 8394

  14. Off Track! CSE 8394

  15. Vehicle Stopping System (VSS) • To stop “port-runners” • Better than tire shredding • 65 mph and above speeds • Net the driver and passengers Demo CSE 8394

  16. Truck Stopping Device • Attached to the back of a truck • Triggered by highway patrol • Keeps hijacked trucks from becoming motorized missiles Demo CSE 8394

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