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Hydraulic Systems

Hydraulic Systems. The Basics. Basic Principles. Liquids: Have no Shape Are incompressible Transmit force in all Directions, Equally Multiply Force. F. P. A. How does it work?. System Parts. Advantages: Flexibility Multiplication of Force Simplicity Compact Economy Safety.

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Hydraulic Systems

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  1. Hydraulic Systems The Basics

  2. Basic Principles • Liquids: • Have no Shape • Are incompressible • Transmit force in all Directions, Equally • Multiply Force F P A

  3. How does it work?

  4. System Parts

  5. Advantages: Flexibility Multiplication of Force Simplicity Compact Economy Safety Disadvantages: Efficiency Cleanliness Advantages & Disadvantages of Hydraulics

  6. Primary Hydraulic Systems • Open-Center Systems: • Oil is pumped constantly, excess oil is returned to the reservoir. • Closed-Center Systems: • Oil is pumped on demand, control valve stops oil flow.

  7. Open-Center Systems • Simplistic • Inexpensive • Ineffective with Multiple Applications • Variations of Open-Center Systems: • Open-Center with a Series Connection • Open-Center with a Series Parallel Connection • Open-Center with a Flow Divider

  8. Closed-Center Systems • No Relief Valves Needed • Application can be tailored by restricting flow • Specialized functions have more support • Multiple functions can be used at the same time • Variations of Closed-Center Systems: • Closed-Center with Fixed Displacement Pump and Accumulator • Closed-Center with Variable Displacement Pump

  9. Hydraulic Facts • Mechanical-Hydraulic-Mechanical • Inputs and Outputs • Three types of Hydraulic Energy: • Potential, Kinetic, & Heat • None are created or destroyed, only converted • All energy input is converted into an output, gain (work) or loss (heat) • A restricted flowing liquid creates heat • This also causes a pressure drop • Hydraulic systems must be sealed to work

  10. Hydraulic Facts • Oil takes the path of least resistance • Oil is pushed into a pump, not drawn • A pump does not create pressure, it creates flow. Pressure is caused by resistance to flow. • These can produce the same power: • High pressure & low flow • Low pressure & high flow • Two basic types of hydraulics: • Hydrodynamics • Hydrostatics

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