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DNA & Protein Synthesis

DNA & Protein Synthesis. DNA: The Genetic Code. DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid Carries our genetic info. Gives information to make protein Codes for protein Cannot live without protein Protein codes for traits ex: eye color DNA cannot leave the nucleus

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DNA & Protein Synthesis

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  1. DNA & Protein Synthesis

  2. DNA: The Genetic Code • DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid • Carries our genetic info. • Gives information to make protein • Codes for protein • Cannot live without protein • Protein codes for traits • ex: eye color • DNA cannot leave the nucleus • DNA contains very important information!!

  3. DNA Structure • Polymer: DNA • Monomer: nucleotide • Nucleotide has three parts • 1- Sugar (deoxyribose) • 2-Phosphate • 3-Nitrogen Base

  4. Nitrogen Bases (4) • 1- Adenine • 2- Guanine • 3- Cytosine • 4- Thymine • Classes of Nitrogen Bases Purines: Pyrimidines 1- Adenine 1-Cytosine 2- Guanine 2-Thymine

  5. DNA Structure (con’t) • DNA is a double helix • Watson & Crick discovered DNA’s structure • 2 strands • Repeating sugar and phosphate on the outside • Complementary Bases that always go together A & T C & G • Bases are held together by hydrogen bonds

  6. Practice • Make the DNA compliments for the following DNA strands A T C G C C T A C C T C G A A T T A G C G GA T G G AG C T T A A TG C C G T T AG C C G T A G

  7. RNA • RNA: Ribonucleic Acid • 1 strand • A polymer of a nucleotide • Parts of RNA nucleotide: • Sugar (ribose) • Phosphate • Nitrogenous Base

  8. RNA • RNA Bases • 1. Adenine • 2. Cytosine • 3. Guanine • 4. Uracil • Base Pairing A & U C & G

  9. Types of RNA 1. mRNA: Messenger RNA: goes out into the cytoplasm and attaches to the ribosome. 2. tRNA: Transport RNA: transports amino acids. 3. rRNA: Ribosomal RNA

  10. DNA Replication • Replication: make a copy • Replication makes an exact copy of DNA • Why? New cells; provide DNA • When? During Interphase of mitosis • Where? In the nucleus

  11. The Steps of Replication • 1- Enzyme splits it • 2- Complimentary strands made • The result: an exact copy of DNA

  12. DNA Replication • DNA codes for protein • Ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm • DNA is located in the nucleus UH OH!! DNA cannot leave the nucleus! • The information must get to the ribosomes • To the rescue: RNA

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