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Protein Synthesis & RNA

Protein Synthesis & RNA. Proteins consist of amino acids whose sequences correspond to a gene, which is a sequence of nitrogen bases in DNA Protein synthesis has two parts: Transcription & Translation

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Protein Synthesis & RNA

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  1. Protein Synthesis & RNA

  2. Proteins consist of amino acids whose sequences correspond to a gene, which is a sequence of nitrogen bases in DNA Protein synthesis has two parts: Transcription & Translation The base sequence is vulnerable to mutations which can lead to changes in protein structure, thus new or different traits Key Concepts:

  3. RNA is involved in the synthesis or construction of proteins Nucleic acid Single stranded Ribose takes the place of deoxyribose Uracil takes the place of thymine Three types: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA RNA Structure & Function:

  4. Transcription & Translation Transcription – DNA is unwound by an enzyme and free mRNA nucleotides form a complimentary strand according to the base sequence on the DNA Translation – The code that was copied onto the mRNA is now interpreted by tRNA which binds amino acids together Parts of Protein Synthesis

  5. A sequence of bases in one of the two strands of DNA serves as the template for assembling an RNA strand • RNA polymerase unwinds the DNA molecule and catalyzes the binding of free mRNA nucleotides • mRNA nucleotides match up to the DNA base pair sequences (uracil replaces thymine) DNA: A T C G RNA: U A G C Process of Transcription:

  6. The code on the DNA is found in three base triplets and is “transcribed” into three base mRNA codons At end, new strand of mRNA is released and the portion of DNA is linked back together Process of Transcription:

  7. The new mRNA strand leaves the nucleus and heads through the cytoplasm and into the ribosome At this point tRNA matches to the mRNA strand according to the base sequence, matching tRNA anti-codons to mRNA codons Each tRNA carries a specific amino acid for each codon/anti-codon Process of Translation:

  8. Enzymes catalyze the formation of a polypeptide bond between amino acids The original tRNA molecule drifts away and a new one arrives next to it to bind amino acids together again Process of Translation:

  9. Protein building codes are stored in three base sequences on DNA called triplets These triplets correspond to mRNA codons of which 64 different codons code for 20 different amino acids All protein building begins with the mRNA codon AUG, while three other codons (UAA, UAG, UGA) signal a stop From mRNA to proteins

  10. Therefore the sequence of triplets corresponds to a sequence of codons which leads to the formation of sequences of amino acids which bind together to form a protein From mrna to proteins

  11. mRNA – are the only molecules that carry protein building instructions form DNA to cytoplasm tRNA – binds to codons and positions their attached amino acids in the order specificed by mRNA rRNA – component of the ribosomes which are the site of protein synthesis Types and roles of rna

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