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TAXONOMY

TAXONOMY . Process used to classifying (group) organisms: manmade. EARLY CLASSIFICATION. Aristotle ( 384-322 B.C.). THE GREEKS ( B.C.). Socrates (470-399 B.C.). Plato ( 427-347 B.C.). Socrates:. Had a set of standards and logic No experimentation Made observations

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TAXONOMY

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  1. TAXONOMY Process used to classifying (group) organisms: manmade

  2. EARLY CLASSIFICATION Aristotle ( 384-322 B.C.) THE GREEKS ( B.C.) Socrates (470-399 B.C.) Plato ( 427-347 B.C.)

  3. Socrates: • Had a set of standards and logic • No experimentation • Made observations • Discussed the nature of ideas and objects

  4. PLATO THEORY OF FORMS Ex. What is a chair? How many different kinds of chairs?

  5. ARISTOTLE FOREMOST CLASSICAL BIOLOGIST: NO EXPERIMENTATION • Took Plato’s Theory of Forms, applied to animal world ex. Cat??? • Living different from non-living

  6. ARISTOTLE’S SCALA de NATURAL • HUMANS –men than woman • ANIMALS • PLANTS • NON-LIVING: no soul /psyche rational animate vegative

  7. DARK AGES • 1000 A.D.- 1200 A.D. ??? • Not many advancements in science or arts • Fighting for survival • Creating Nations • Ruling Class vs the peasants

  8. RENNAISSANCE: REVIVAL1500 – 1700 A.D. • BOTANY: Pharmacology • Medicinal study of plants • Led to Rise in Taxonomy Gutenberg’s printing press made information available to all

  9. BOTANISTS • OTTO BRUNFELS / LEONARD FUCHS: German • 1700’s Fathers of Botany – studied nutrition • NEHEMIAH GREW- English • Flowers contain male & female parts-reproduction • ANDRE CESALPINO/CASPAR BOUHAN • 1700 : Italian/ Swiss- structural characteristics

  10. ANATOMISTS : Study of the Human • ANDREAS VESALIUS: 1514-1564- born in Belgium lived in Italy • Anatomy observations • First to dissect human • WILLIAM HARVEY: 1578-1658-English • Physiology of Circulation

  11. Anatomy: Study of Animals • PIERRE BELON: 1700’s – French • Studied Birds by Habitat IMPORTANCE OF RENAISSANCE FUNCTION COMES FROM STRUCTURE Homologous Structures

  12. CAROLUS LINNEAUS : FATHER OF MODERN TAXONOMY • Binominal System of Nomenclature • Two names • Genus – capital • Species- lower case • Latin is used - universal • Ex. Squalusacanthius • Homo sapien 1707-1778

  13. LINNEAUS CONTINUED • 3 KINGDOMS: Animalia, Plantae, Mineralia • 6 CLASSES OF ANIMALS: mammalia, aves , amphibia, pisces, insecta, vermis • First to suggest that species change over time in “Systema Natural”

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