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Chapter 4: Weather & Climate

Chapter 4: Weather & Climate. Defining weather & climate Controls of weather & climate Solar energy/latitude Land and water distribution Landform barriers Atmospheric pressure Wind systems Elevation California’s Seasonal Changes California’s Climate Zones Climographs.

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Chapter 4: Weather & Climate

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  1. Chapter 4: Weather & Climate • Defining weather & climate • Controls of weather & climate • Solar energy/latitude • Land and water distribution • Landform barriers • Atmospheric pressure • Wind systems • Elevation • California’s Seasonal Changes • California’s Climate Zones • Climographs

  2. Distribution of solar energy annually

  3. The differential heating of land and water

  4. Landform barriers and weather; orographic precipitation

  5. Pressure and stability/instability

  6. Global pressure and wind system

  7. Upper Level Inversion

  8. What is Smog? • Ozone (O3) - invisible, irritates, impairs breathing • Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) - brown, impairs breathing • Carbon Monoxide (CO) - invisible, reduces bloods oxygen • Particulate Matter under 10 microns (PM10) - invades deep into lungs, reduces visibility

  9. Ozone Formation • product of solar energy and photochemical reactions. • highest concentrations occur when sunlight is most intense. • reaches peak levels during the middle of the day in the summer months. • these types of air pollution patterns are called diurnal and seasonal variations

  10. Ozone • one of the most important air pollutants affecting human health. • Ozone (O3) is a molecule built of three atoms of oxygen linked together in a very energetic combination. • comes into contact with a surface it rapidly releases this extra force in the form of chemical energy. • When this happens in biological systems, respiratory tract, can cause damage to sensitive tissues.

  11. AQI 0-50 Good 51-100 Moderate 101-150 Unhealthy for sensitive groups 151-200 Unhealthy 200+ Very Unhealthy

  12. California Summer • East Pacific (Hawaiian) High • California Current, Advection Fog • Catalina Eddy • Summer Storms

  13. California Autumn • Weakening of Pacific High • Interior Cooling • Winds

  14. California Winter • Aleutian Low, Mid-Latitude Cyclones • Variability • Radiation Fog

  15. California Spring • Interior heating • Pacific High strengthening

  16. BSh—semi-arid, hot summer Csa—Mediterranean, hot summer • BWh—arid, hot summer Csb—Mediterranean, mild summer • Csbn—Mediterranean, cool summer w/fog

  17. World’s Mediterranean Climates

  18. World’s Deserts

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