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Diseases Associated with Adolescence

Diseases Associated with Adolescence. Pathophysiology. Musculoskeletal Abnormalities. Kyphosis – hunchback Etiol = osteoporosis, TB, posture Lordosis – swayback Etiol = obesity, posture Scoliosis – lateral curvature

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Diseases Associated with Adolescence

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  1. Diseases Associated with Adolescence Pathophysiology

  2. Musculoskeletal Abnormalities • Kyphosis – hunchback • Etiol = osteoporosis, TB, posture • Lordosis – swayback • Etiol = obesity, posture • Scoliosis – lateral curvature • Etiol = genetic, idiopathic (f >m), congenital (from developmental defects)

  3. Osteomyelitis • Common from trauma (especially to young males) • Freq site = metaphysis of femur & tibia • Etiol = pathogen (staph aureus) • Serious illness • Needs aggressive management

  4. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) • Marked onset with primarily large joints • Incidence = 1:1000 children • 5% of cases of RA are in children • Etiol = autoimmune • Prognosis = positive (50% remission) • Clinically • Large joints • Chronic uveitis • Rheumatoid nodules not only in subcutaneous skin layer but in organs • Subluxation and ankylosis of cervical spine

  5. Eating Disorders • Anorexia nervosa • Primarily females • Smart, over-achievers • Exercise “freaks” • Element of secondary gain • Etiol--- ? hypothalamic dysfunction • Fear of eating • Get forced vomiting • Get forced bm’s • Get symptoms of severe malnutrition • Bulimia nervosa • Binge eating followed by purging • Usually patients maintain normal weight • Problems • Teeth enamel • Esophagitis

  6. Skin Disorders • Acne vulgaris • Commonest skin disease • Increased activity of sebaceous glands with viscous sebum • Get comedomes (whiteheads & blackheads) • Get pimples (folliculitis) • These rupture & get bacterial invasion withpustules

  7. Infections • Infectious mononucleosis • Etiol = Epstein- Barr virus (EBV) • Part of herpes family • Transmitted by: • Saliva thus “kissing disease” • Airborne droplets • Blood • Goes to lymphoid tissue & targets b-lymphocytes • Normal B cells produce antibodies • Get massive increase in killer T’s (CD8) to clean up the mess • Some become abnormal (larger)

  8. Diseases Affecting Sexual Development • Chromosomal disorders • Klinefelter’s syndrome • Males with XXY • Dx = atrophic testicles at puberty • Turner’s syndrome • Females with only 45 chromosomes (XO) • One missing X chromosome • No secondary sex characteristics develop

  9. Testicular tumors • Malignancy in teenagers • Usually unilateral • Menstrual abnormalities • Amenorrhea • Dysmenorrhea

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