Bryce Coffey

1. Bryce Coffey 600-1450 C.E.

2. Europe 600-1450 C.E.

3. Western Europe • The fall of Rome created serious political problems for Western Europe • The Feudal system was developed • Serfs worked the land for landowners • England was conquered by William the conqueror in 1066 • In 962 the Holy Roman Empire was founded • No real central authority • Serfs were right above slaves in social status and they actually owned a little bit of the land they worked on, but were not allowed to leave the land • All unification was provided by the church and the Pope

4. Black Death • Plague that swept the world killing large populations of Europe and Asia • Far reaching effects socially, economically, politically, and in religious circles • hygiene conditions and proper burial/clean up procedures contributed to the spread • Carried by fleas on rats

5. The Crusades • The first crusade was 1096-1099, lasting 3 years; it was started by Pope Irvin II • The second crusade was 1147-1149 • The third crusade was 1189-1192 • The forth crusade was 1201-1204 • The fifth crusade was 1218-1221 • The sixth crusade was 1228-1229 • The seventh crusade was 1248-1254 • The eighth crusade was 1270 • The crusades were fought for many reasons, many of which were religious; many cities such as Constantinopleand Jerusalem were traded between the Muslims and the Christians all throughout the crusades • In total the 8 crusades lasted for 174 years

6. Byzantine Empire • Was originally the eastern half of the roman empire • They used a bureaucracy to achieve success in their empire • The emperor had absolute power and was considered divine • The empire was divided into military districts • The main religious authority was the Eastern Orthodox Church • Was conquered in 1453 by the Ottomans

7. Byzantine Empire(continued) • Control of trade routes along the Mediterranean Sea • Trade flourished • Smuggled silk worms from China • Silk industry began to develop • Glassware, jewelry, linen, and gold were produced by talented artisans

8. Islam, the Middle East, and Africa600-1450 C.E.

9. House of Islam • Founder of Islam was Muhammed • Muhammed gathered followers into a religious community in Mecca until they were forced to flee • Islam flourished in the city of Medina and eventually they returned to Mecca • When Muhammad died the Islamic control of Arabia had already been solidified • Rulers were considered divine • The caliphate was set up • In 1055 the Seljuk Turks established the sultan • Bedouins were a nomadic people who were hospitable and used light cavalry as their main fighting force • Two factions rose with the intention of gaining political power; Sunni and Shiite • Shiite’s wanted Muhammad's son-in-law to be the Caliph • Sunni’s wanted one of his generals to be the Caliph • The Umayyads came into power and were eventually overthrown by the Abbasid caliphate • The Abbasids made the capital Baghdad

10. Dar-al Islam( continued) • Muslim merchants used a standard set of rules • Trade flourished • Improved irrigation • Greater production and tax revenue increases • Rugs and pottery were manufactured primarily in cities • Paper imported from China • Paper mills established • In 1218 they were conquered by the Mongols • In 1335 they were conquered by Tamerlane

11. China, Japan, and East Asia600-1450 C.E.

12. Sui Dynasty • Most famous for construction of the Great Canal • The Grand Canal was built so that there would be easier transportation of food from China to southern China and back • Once railroads were built, the Grand Canal was no longer the focus point of economic, cultural, and political links between northern and southern China • The end of the dynasty came about when the second emperor, Sui Yangdi, was murdered because of discontent in the public concerning the Korean rebellions

13. Tang Dynasty • Under the Tang Dynasty China became the largest it had ever been • Government support was provided for Buddhism, Daoism, and Confucianism • The civil service exam cemented Confucian beliefs into the Chinese government • Chinese civilization was improved partially in political, economic, and social aspects • Chinese traded with many areas of the world by using the Silk Road

14. Tang Dynasty(continued) • Military garrisons provided safety along trade routes • Equal field system-peasants were given land in exchange for taxes in grain • Capital of Changan was a major trading city • Major increase in the Western Market in this dynasty • Here Indian, Iranian, Syrian, and Arab traders and their goods travelled through the empire and changed on the way through

15. Song Dynasty • In this dynasty the saying “beginning of the end” can be used easily as the government failed at the beginning and sealed its own demise • In order to gain the throne the first emperor,Song Taizu, convinced all of the generals to quit so he could more easily gain power; obviously this made the dynasty weak and open to invasion • Government officials were more important • In the early 1100s the northern half of the dynasty had been conquered by nomads • In 1276 the Mongols came and overthrew the southern half of the dynasty

16. Heian Japan • Self-sufficient island communities • By the 600s that Yamato clan gained dominance • Did not successfully create a unified government • From 710-785, the Fujiwara clan ruled • In the Kamakura Shogunate, the emperor’s court resided at Kyoto • The emperor was only a figure head, because the real power was held by a noble family that held the position of chancellor • Destroyed due to warring clans • Most peasants worked on land owned by Buddhist monasteries or wealthy landowners • Clan leaders regulated local trade • Iron workers, weavers, and carpenters were examples of artesian classes

17. Feudal Japan • Emperor was a figure head and real power was held by the shogun • Shogunates were feudal systems • Samurai were the warrior class and followed Bushido which was set of values that consisted of loyalty, honor, and bravery • Shoguns were responsible for keeping order and prevented Kublai Khan from invading twice

18. The Mongols • Genghis Khan, birth name Temujin, created the largest land empire the world has ever seen, by uniting all of the Mongolian tribes • In 1218 he conquered Persia and in 1220 China • In 1227, when he died, his empire was split into 4 Khanates • The 4 khanates were as follows: Central Asia was the Khanate of Chagatai, China was the Khanate of the Great Khan, Russia was the Khanate of the Golden Horde, and Persia was the khanate of Persia • Genghis Khan was a brilliant commander and tactician and will be remembered for all time as the man who shook the borders of the realm of men(at that time with new technology for the area)

19. The Americas600-1450 C.E.

20. Olmecs • Lived in Mesoamerica • First major civilization • Polytheistic • Ruled by kings and priests • Human and animal sacrifice • Lived in city-states

21. The Maya • Influenced by Olmec culture and traditions • Polytheistic and worshiped animal based gods • Developed writing • Advanced astronomers, architects, and mathematicians • Created a calendar • The reason for the collapse of their civilization is unknown

22. The Aztecs • Last major native group prior to European influence • Tenochtitlan was their major city • War like society • Tributary system • Polytheistic and built pyramids for large scale human sacrifice • Large geographic area and population • Conquered by Spanish

23. Religions and Spirituality600-1450 C.E.

24. Christianity • Was the principle source of religion in western Europe • The churches held sacraments, which granted salvation • People prayed to saints for religious protection • The crusaders were Christian • Christianity owes its start primarily to Rome • People began to go on religious journeys and collect holy items and conduct rituals

25. Islam • Islam developed from the teachings of Muhammad • Allah is the one god • Teachings contained in the Qur’an • Males dominate females • Polygamy • Do not drink alcohol or eat pork • Islam was, and still is, a universal religion and accepts all as converts • It gives salvation to those who follow the “rules” • It appealed to the powerless and the poor • Five Pillars of Faith: Belief in Allah, Muhammad is Allah’s prophet, pray five times daily facing Mecca, fast during Ramadan, give alms to the poor, and Hajj (Journey to Mecca)

26. Neo-Confucianism • A more “refined” so to speak version of Confucianism • Neo-Confucianism was considered a long lost text about the gaining of the inner life of the mind, a philosophical changing of sage-hood metaphysics, self-cultivation, and ultimately the universe • More intellectually and spiritually sound • Started as a political movement

27. Neo-Confucianism (Continued) • The path to personal fulfillment was hard to gain and had to be earned • Was a creative reinterpretation of old Confucian beliefs • Was very similar to Buddhism • No monasteries but some retreats • Held concern for social, economic, and political gains in the government

28. Four Travelers600-1450 C.E.

29. Marco Polo • In the late 13th century Marco Polo set out on an expedition across the world of that day • He met Kublai Khan who convinced him to serve as his ambassador for 17 years • When he returned home he was captured by Genoa because a war had broken out between Venice and Genoa • While in prison he wrote a book about his adventures which many people refused to believe for so long, because they couldn’t believe that such places of grandeur existed

30. Ibn Battuta • He is most famous for his many hajjis to Mecca • He was a Moroccan legal scholar • He wrote about all of the places he visited and put all of his writings in his personal journal • He travelled to Mesopotamia and Persia • He sailed down the Red Sea to the East African coast • He was quick to tell his hosts what he did and did not like • His writings gave an inside view of the world at that time to many scholars

31. Marco Polo’s and Ibn Battuta’s pathshttp://arablit.files.wordpress.com/2010/07/map1_1.jpg (Google Images, then full size picture option)

32. Mansa Musa • He is most famous for his extraordinary • hajj to the holy city of Mecca • He took with him 100 camel-loads of gold, each weighing 300 lbs, 500 slaves, each carrying a 4 lb. gold staff, thousands of his subjects, as well as his senior wife with her 500 attendants; according to a historian named Al-Umari • He spent so much gold in Egypt that he inflated the economy • Because of his magnificent hajj, Mali was put on the map and began a road to a large rise in power • He expanded the boundaries of the Mali empire • He was the emperor of the Mali empire • In 1337 Mansa Musa died

34. Zheng He • Court eunuch during the reign of • the third Ming Emperor, Yunglo • Led seven major expeditions overseas • Went as far as Persia, southern Arabia, and the east coast of Africa • Wealthy expeditions consisting of many ships • Many new experiences, but little real wealth or property gained • Stopped due to need for defense of empire from the Mongols

35. Map of Zheng He’s Travels

36. Bibliography Slide • http://arablit.files.wordpress.com/2010/07/map1_1.jpg • Barron’s AP World History 4th Edition • Notes from AP World History ( Ms. Phalen – FHS) • http://davidderrick.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/deshima.jpg (picture Shogunate) • http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://users.moscow.com/khakimian/images/crusades.jpg&imgrefurl=http://users.moscow.com/khakimian/crusades.html&usg=__sL_qOxTnkWNuZgOikDhb88SHsAk=&h=265&w=200&sz=18&hl=en&start=13&zoom=1&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=1eYcuMnnxnvHwM:&tbnh=112&tbnw=85&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dcrusades%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Doff%26biw%3D1659%26bih%3D866%26tbm%3Disch&ei=ahu6TeOkC4jV0QHAz7S2AQ ( picture crusades) • http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://granitestudio.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/ZHMap.jpg&imgrefurl=http://granitestudio.org/2010/07/29/the-ghost-of-zheng-he-rises-again/&usg=__wQPlets0kJeumazH8ogKkzJ3U1g=&h=352&w=470&sz=40&hl=en&start=9&zoom=1&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=ovPpuFfi5iL7iM:&tbnh=97&tbnw=129&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dtravels%2Bzheng%2Bhe%2Bmap%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Doff%26sa%3DN%26biw%3D1659%26bih%3D866%26tbm%3Disch&ei=4Wi7Tc3tCObV0QHEirCmBg (map Zheng he) • http://www.learnnc.org/lp/media/uploads/2008/07/timbuktu.jpg (map mansamusa) • http://www.google.com/images?um=1&hl=en&safe=off&biw=1659&bih=866&tbm=isch&aq=f&aqi=&oq=&q=mansa%20musa (picture Mansa Musa) • http://www.google.com/images?um=1&hl=en&safe=off&biw=1659&bih=866&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=zhenge+he&aq=f&aqi=g-s1g-sx9&aql=&oq=(picturezheng he) • http://www.google.com/images?um=1&hl=en&safe=off&biw=1659&bih=866&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=ibn+battuta&aq=0&aqi=g10&aql=&oq=ibn+ ( picture of Ibn Battuta) • http://www.google.com/images?um=1&hl=en&safe=off&biw=1659&bih=866&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=marco+polo&aq=f&aqi=g10&aql=&oq= (picture marco polo)