Chapter 17 and 18 Former USSR

1. Chapter 17 and 18 Former USSR

2. Map Countries Landforms Ural Mountains Caucasus Mountains Siberia Kamchatka Peninsula TianShan • Russia- Moscow • Ukraine- Kiev • Belarus – Minsk • Kazakhstan- Astana • Uzbekistan- Tashkent • Kyrgyzstan- Bishkek • Tajikistan- Dushanbe • Turkmenistan- Ashgabat

3. Map Water Others Trans - Siberian railroad • Volga River • Ob River • Lena River • Artic Ocean • Bearing Sea • Sea of Okhotsk • Lake Baikal • Caspian Sea • Aral Sea • Barents Sea

5. USSR History • 15 countries make up the former U.S.S.R. • 1917 Bolshevik party overthrew govt. in Russia. • 1917-1924 Lenin leader followed ideas of Karl Marx- Communism idea. • Lenin-Control all farms & factories-One Social Class • After Civil War Called- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)

6. USSR History • USSR- One party- totalitarian state • Communist party made all decisions from Moscow • Joseph Stalin- Followed Lenin- even crueler- killed anyone he thought opposed him

7. Daily Life Under Communism • Daily Life: • Poor to U.S. standards- • Good education • Limited Food- lines to get food • Sacrifice necessary to build Communist ideal • Freedom of Speech & Religion denied

8. USSR Cold War History • Cold War: -After WW II – ended 1991 • USSR vs. U.S.A.- battle of super powers- Political War: • nuclear build up- nuclear war always a possibility • space race with US • imperialism- taking land- building empire • chance to show off power, and new weapons and technology (space race)

9. The Fall of USSR • 1985 Mikhail Gorbochev- Last Soviet leader • Needed change- Horrible economy • Opened up govt. to the people- Glasnost. • -Major economic changes- Perestroika. • People tired of sacrifice without economy for the people • 1991 Soviet Union broke apart. • Boris Yelstin- new leader 1991- democratic election-increased religious freedom

10. Former Soviet States Now • Crime & Unemployment still increasing. • Major environmental issues. • U.S.S.R. dumped nuclear waste in Arctic Ocean- STILL dump into rivers &lakes • Vladimir Putin- President- New Year’s 2000.

11. Russia • Capital: Moscow • GDP $ 7,700 • Lit Rate: 98% • Officially called “Russian Federalism” - • 150 mill. 6.5 mill. Sq. miles • 1/9 of all land. Twice as big as Canada (#2 in size) • Vladimir Putin- President (2000)

12. Russian History • Name from Scandinavian Vikings called Rus • 1547 Ivan IV or “Ivan The Terrible” first czar Czar = Caesar = Emperor • Amassed large empire • Very angry- killed his son with his own hands • Peter the Great - 1801-1825 Expanded Russia made more European • Late 1800’s empire in decline

13. Russia Climate: Humid- Continental & Sub Arctic- Tundra also Winters long & cold & dry - Isolated during winter hard to travel • Ural Mtns. Divide Asia & Europe • Ob River- longest river in Asia • Mtns on south border- Mongolia • Lake Baykal- Deepest lake in world- 5,315ft. • Many Rivers= transportation & hydroelectricity

14. Russia Resources: • More forest, energy, & minerals than any other country • Soviet Union wasted them • Major oil producer- Ob River region • Large deposits of coal • Major producer of Diamonds • Potential to be major supplier of- iron ore, copper, manganese, gold, platinum Agriculture: • Climate & Political problems limit potential • Short growing season, surprisingly dry • Soviet government controlled farms- hard to switch back • Mixed farming- grains livestock

15. Russia Moscow Region- St. Petersburg-( Leningrad): Trying to modernize- cool city- 2nd largest in Russia “Venice of the North”- use canals in city Produce textiles, ships, chemicals • 9 mill. People- heart of Russia • Beautiful city & largest city- Kremlin- Govt. Headquarters- Red Square

16. Russia Siberia- mostly uninhabited & little industry- Coal deposits, lumber and mining -Trans- Siberian Railroad- Moscow to Vladivostok -Baykal- Amur Mainline (BAM) 5 mtns. 17 rivers Far East- heavy forests- fishing, petroleum, minerals- not well developed Vladivostok- chief seaport Volga Region-(Stalingrad): • -famous for heavy industry & giant factories, cars, chemicals, food Urals Region- rich mineral deposits- Many factories- copper & iron ore Kaliningrad (Russia)-Exclave-cut off from Russia- Between Lithuania & Poland • Important sea port- Wants own independence – Has market economy.

17. Ukraine • Capital-Kiev • Literacy 100% • GDP $4500 • Slightly smaller than Texas • Made USSR- world’s largest producer of wheat, oats, barley, sugar beets • Crimea- small peninsula- part of Ukraine, close ties to Russia • Chernobyl- nuclear power plant exploded in 1986 • many still feeling affect of radiation (cancer)

18. Belarus • Capital-Minsk • Literacy-98.0% • GDP-$8200 • slightly smaller than Kansas - Many swamps and marches • Religion- Eastern Orthodox 80% • Railroad runs from Moscow to Warsaw through here- route used by Hitler and Napoleon to invade Russia • People are nicknamed “White Russians” Beylomeans white

19. Kazakhstan • Capital: Astana • Used as farmland by the USSR • Currently one of the wealthier Central Asian nations because of it’s vast natural resources • Republic with a very powerful president • Gained Independence for USSR in 1991 • Made up of 17 provinces • Ethnicity is a mix of Turkish and Mongol heritage

20. Uzbekistan • Capital: Tashkent • Over farmed during the USSR rule • They drained the Aral Sea for irrigation- almost completely depleted of water • Grow cotton and Wheat • Growing economy because of international businesses

21. Kyrgyzstan • Capital: Bishkek • Government is republic • Gained independence from USSR in 1991 • Political issues have become a problem in recent years- flawed elections • Mountainous- TienShan Range • Mostly Islamic

22. Tajikistan Turkmenistan Ashgabat Authoritarian Democracy Long history as part of the Silk Road Huge Natural Gas Reserves Mostly Islamic State • Capital- Dushanbe • Republic government • Major civil war in the 1990’s after gaining its independence for USSR • Poorest of the former USSR Central Asia Countries • Many work in Russia