1 / 17

Chapter 5: Toward the War for American Independence

Chapter 5: Toward the War for American Independence.

jena-garrison
Download Presentation

Chapter 5: Toward the War for American Independence

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 5: Toward the War for American Independence Preview:“Parliament passed the Sugar Act, Stamp Act, and other measures of the early 1760s in hopes of binding the American colonies more closely to the empire. Instead, once-loyal Americans became convinced that their constitutional rights were being violated…. With the passage of the harsh Coercive Acts of 1774, a break with Britain was not long in coming.” The Highlights: The Seven Years’ War The Imperial Crisis Toward the Revolution

  2. 5-2 The Seven Years’ War • The Years of Defeat • 1754: war started with George Washington’s surrender at Fort Necessity to the French • 1755: disastrous defeat of British regiments • Most Indian tribes allied with France McGraw-Hill

  3. 5-3 • The Years of Victory • 1756-57: British fortunes worsened, but William Pitt began to take personal control over the war • 1759-60: British capture Quebec and Montreal • Treaty of Paris (1763) ended the war, as well as the French presence in North America McGraw-Hill

  4. 5-4 McGraw-Hill

  5. 5-5 • Postwar Expectations • Britain’s victory stoked colonial pride and optimism among Americans • English resented American tightfistedness in supplying the armies • Very different expectations for postwar America by the English and the colonists McGraw-Hill

  6. 5-6 McGraw-Hill

  7. 5-7 The Imperial Crisis • New Troubles on the Frontier • Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763) west of Pittsburgh highlighted the problem of Britain’s large western frontier • Proclamation of 1763 prohibited settlement west of the Appalachians McGraw-Hill

  8. 5-8 McGraw-Hill

  9. 5-9 • George Grenville’s New Measures • Britain’s national debt doubled, 1754-64 • Colonial merchants had been evading the Molasses Act of 1733 • Grenville’s policies prompted an incrementally negative reaction by colonials McGraw-Hill

  10. 5-10 “The concern for protecting individual liberties was only one of the convictions shaping the colonies’ response to Britain’s new policies. Equally important was their deep suspicion of power itself, a preoccupation that colonials shared with a minority of radical English thinkers”(132). • The Beginnings of Colonial Resistance • Significance of John Locke’s beliefs that property ownership and liberty were intertwined • Opposition thinkers, while ignored in England, were revered by colonial leaders • Postwar recession aggravated political tensions caused by Grenville’s measures McGraw-Hill

  11. 5-11 • Riots and Resolves • 1765: colonial assemblies passed resolves challenging Parliament’s power to tax the colonies for the sole purpose of raising revenue • Resistance groups, most notably the Sons of Liberty, sprang up across the colonies • Eyewitness to History: Thomas Hutchinson • Repeal of the Stamp Act • Policy repealed by Parliament in 1766 • Continued angst over virtual versus actual representation McGraw-Hill

  12. 5-12 • The Townshend Acts • In 1767, the new minister, William Townshend, wanted to limit the power of colonial assemblies • Instituted new tariffs • The Resistance Organizes • Efforts by colonial leaders John Dickinson and John Adams helped colonies to unite • 1768: Liberty riot in Boston whipped up anti-government fervor • Widespread boycott of British-made goods McGraw-Hill

  13. 5-13 • The Boston Massacre • Increasing tensions between colonists and British troops • March 5, 1770: situation exploded in Boston, with troops firing upon protesters and killing five • All of the Townshend duties repealed except the tax on tea • The International Sons of Liberty • Colonials follow Pascal Paoli’s efforts in Corsica McGraw-Hill

  14. 5-14 • Resistance Revived • Repeal of Townshend duties reduced American resistance for two years • Constant tension among Penn, his council, the legislative assembly, and farmers • Gaspee incident provoked renewed tensions in 1772 • 1773: Boston Tea Party McGraw-Hill

  15. 5-15 “The Boston Tea Party proved to British satisfaction that the colonies aimed at independence (140). • The Empire Strikes Back • Coercive, or “Intolerable,” Acts passed by Parliament, 1774 • Colonists began to believe in a conspiracy theory that the British government wanted to reduce their liberties • Call for First Continental Congress McGraw-Hill

  16. 5-16 Toward the Revolution • The First Continental Congress • Delegates, while affirming natural rights, tried to stake out a moderate position • Joseph Galloway’s plan for cooperation with Parliament rejected • Decision to cease all trade with Britain until the Coercive Acts were repealed • Began to arm colonial militias McGraw-Hill

  17. 5-17 • The Last Days of the British Empire in America • Governor of Massachusetts, Thomas Gage, tried to fortify Boston against the growing number of rebels • Royal authority collapsed, 1774-75 • The Fighting Begins • April 1775: first battles of the American Revolution, Lexington and Concord, Mass. • Common Sense • Thomas Paine: Americans’ destiny was to be republicans, not monarchists McGraw-Hill

More Related