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Port Regionalization: Towards a New Phase in Pacific Asian Port Development

Port Regionalization: Towards a New Phase in Pacific Asian Port Development. Jean-Paul Rodrigue Associate Professor Dept. of Global Studies & Geography Hofstra University New York, USA. The Challenge of the Hinterland. . The Maritime / Land Interface The Velocity of Freight

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Port Regionalization: Towards a New Phase in Pacific Asian Port Development

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  1. Port Regionalization:Towards a New Phase in Pacific Asian Port Development Jean-Paul Rodrigue Associate Professor Dept. of Global Studies & Geography Hofstra University New York, USA

  2. The Challenge of the Hinterland  The Maritime / Land Interface The Velocity of Freight Gateways and the Logistical Hinterland Container yard, Port of Yantian, China

  3. Elements of the Maritime / Land Interface Foreland (Shipping Network) Maritime Freight Distribution Port System Gateways Road Rail Coastal / Fluvial Inland FreightDistribution Corridors and Hubs Hinterland (FDC)

  4. Functional and Geographical Diffusion of Containerization: Globalization and Regionalization Global containerized commoditychains (Optimal: 75% ?) Globalization Regionalization Nichemarkets Volume Regional Load Center Network Foreland Traffic Hinterland Traffic Port Diffusion (Functional and Geographical)

  5. Hinterland Logistics: The Realm of the “Last Mile” (or the “First Mile”) Massification Atomization Frequency Capacity REGIONAL LOCAL HINTERLAND GLOBAL Shipping Network Segment Corridor Customer “Last Mile” Inland Terminal Distribution Center Gateway

  6. Logistics and the Velocity of Freight Transshipment Speed Speed barrier Future improvements Pull Logistics Logistical threshold Containerization Push Logistics Shipment Speed

  7. Port Regionalization  Regionalization and Hinterland Setting Hinterland Logistics Trimodal Container Terminal, Willebroek, Belgium

  8. The Spatial Development of a Port System Phase 2: Penetration and hinterland capture Phase 1: Scattered ports LAND SEA Phase 4: Centralization Phase 3: Interconnection & concentration Phase 6: Regionalization Phase 5: Decentralization and insertion of ‘offshore’ hub Hinterland-based (Regional load centre network) Freight corridor Load center Interior centre Deepsea liner services Shortsea/feeder services Foreland-based

  9. Regionalization and Hinterland Setting North America Western Europe East and Southeast Asia Coastal concentration Landbridge connections Inland concentration Coastal gateways Coastal concentration Low hinterland access

  10. Gateways and the Logistical Hinterland North American West Coast (e.g. LA/Long Beach) Pacific-Asia (e.g. Pearl River Delta) Landbridge North Europe (e.g. Rhine Scheldt Delta) Container port / terminal Logistics zone / site Strongly developed corridor Poorly developed corridor Multi-port gateway region

  11. Continuous and Discontinuous Hinterlands Discontinuous hinterland Port A Port A Continuous hinterland Port A 'Island' formation Discontinuous hinterland Port B Port B Continuous hinterland Main hinterland Competition margin Port B Maritime load centre Inland terminal

  12. Types of Hinterland

  13. Trade Interest rates, exchange rates, prices, savings, production, debt Gateways and the New Port Hinterlands: The “Regionalized Port” Consumption Production Balanced flows Imbalanced flows Terminal / DC Link (mode)

  14. Hinterland Challenges in Pacific Asia  Long Distance Trade Networks Supply Chain Reliability Port Regionalization Clusters “Emma Maersk”, 12,500 TEU, Rotterdam, Netherlands

  15. Circum Hemispheric Rings of Circulation Pacific Connector North American Landbridge Eurasian Landbridge Arctic Routes Atlantic Connector Circum-Equatorial Maritime Highway

  16. The Resurgence of All Water Services to the American East Coast Zone of Contestability NY Savannah Equilibrium (indifference) Point Suez Eastbound Route Westbound Route Landbridge PanamaRoute Panama

  17. Challenges and Opportunities of the New Panama Canal (New Panamax – 12,000 TEU) Singapore Colombo Hong Kong Shanghai Jeddah Pusan Kobe Suez Gioia Tauro Algeciras Eastbound Route Westbound Route LA/LB Kingston Panama

  18. Service Time Reliability: All Water Services vs. Transpacific / Landbridge Port congestion Offshore transshipment Transloading Unit train assembly Rail congestion Transmodal operations Road congestion Transpacific / Landbridge 18 days Port congestion Offshore transshipment Panama / Suez Delays All Water Services NY: 22 days Savannah: 21 days

  19. Port Regionalization Clusters in Pacific Asia Hinterland-based regionalization Foreland-based regionalization

  20. Two Major Transpacific Pendulum Routes Serviced by OOCL, 2006 (The Wal-Mart Express)

  21. Port Regionalization in Pacific Asia Freight Distribution Moving Inland Two Major Forms of Regionalization: Foreland and Hinterland-Based Container waiting to be loaded, Shenzhen, China

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