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Directionality in Translation Practice

Directionality in Translation Practice. Nataša Pavlović. Directionality. L2  L1 or L1  L2. Traditionally. “[Translation L2 L1] is the only way you can translate naturally, accurately and with maximum effectiveness” (Newmark 1988:3)

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Directionality in Translation Practice

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  1. Directionality in Translation Practice Nataša Pavlović

  2. Directionality • L2L1 or L1L2

  3. Traditionally... • “[Translation L2L1] is the only way you can translate naturally, accurately and with maximum effectiveness”(Newmark 1988:3) • “[T]ranslating into one’s mother tongue generally yields better texts than translating out of it” (Marmaridou 1996: 60) • “Le thème n’existe pas” (Ladmiral 1979: 50).

  4. However... • L1L2 is“an activity as normal and possibly as widespread as translation into the first language” (Campbell (1998: 4) • “Translation into English non-mother tongue is a fact of modern life” (Snell-Hornby 1997) • Lorenzo 1999 • Hansen et al. 1998

  5. Methodology • Questionnaire survey • Online • Snowball method

  6. Stages of research • 1st stage: countries with ‘languages of limited diffusion’ • 2nd stage: ‘major’-language countries

  7. Questionnaire • Language pairs • Part-/full-time; in-house/ freelance • Translation / interpreting • Direction – overall • In translation / in interpreting • In different text types • Revision by a ’native speaker’ • Preferences, ease, fees • View on Newmark’s statement • Additional comments • Gender • Age • Country

  8. Analysis 1 • How many subjects in how many countries? • How many (wo)men? Average age? • Which L1s? Which L2s? • How many full-time, part-time? Of those full-time, how many in-house? • How many also do interpreting? How many do it more than 50%? General:

  9. Analysis 2 • Overall figures • In translation • In interpreting • In different text types • Revision by a “native speaker”? L1 L2 in everyday practice

  10. Analysis 3 Attitudes • How many say they prefer to work L1L2? How many like it equally both ways? • How many find it easier to work L1L2? How many are just as comfortable in either direction? • How many say they get paid more L1L2? Any correlation btw preference and fees?

  11. Analysis 4 Agreement with Newmark’s statement • Average agreement (1-5) • How many disagree (1 or 2)? How many agree (4 or 5)? • Average age of those who agree (4 or 5) vs. those who disagree (1 or 2) – to see if attitudes changing?

  12. Preliminary data • Personal communication with professional translators in Croatia • A questionnaire among the students taking part in the experimental study (also in Croatia)

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