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Intrastate Conflict

Intrastate Conflict. Causes - Intro. Disproportianately affect fragile states. Danger is become failed states, ‘havens’ for terrorists. Creates regional instability. n obelprize.org. Economics. Collier argues that economic incentives explain civil wars.

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Intrastate Conflict

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  1. Intrastate Conflict

  2. Causes - Intro • Disproportianately affect fragile states. • Danger is become failed states, ‘havens’ for terrorists. • Creates regional instability.

  3. nobelprize.org

  4. Economics • Collier argues that economic incentives explain civil wars. • “The risk of a civil war in each five-year period was around 6% but the risks increased alarmingly if the economy war poor, declining and dependent on natural resource exports.” • Congo – risk was nearly 80% in the late 1990s. • If a country’s per capita income doubles, risk of conflict drops by half.

  5. Geography • ‘North South Divide’

  6. Environmental Factors • Darfur as an example. • Climate change, deforestation and degradation of agricultural land has made the conflict worse. • Aggravation of tensions between nomadic and agrarian communities in the region.

  7. Ethnicity • Differences between ethnic groups can lead to conflict. • Examples: • The Balkans • Uighurs and Tibetans in China • Timorese and West Papuans in Indonesia

  8. Fallout • Interstate conflict can lead to intrastate conflict. • How could this happen?

  9. Justice Seeking • Revenge and justice for past wrongs. • Nigeria and the Ogoni people.

  10. Security • States are problems AND solutions with security. • This applies to intrastate conflict because it is “intensified by the inability to distinguish adequately between offensive and defensive weapons.”

  11. Social Identity Theory • ‘Group’ and ‘Belonging’. • Can turn into a ‘them and us’ scenario. • Discrimination can result. • (Rwanda, Balkans)

  12. Democratic Republic of the Congo

  13. History • Belgian colony in 1908. • Independence in 1960. • Mobutu regime in 1965 coup. • (renamed country ‘Zaire’) • Mobutu was president for 32 years, had sham elections. • Rwanda refugees  • 1997, Mobutu regime was toppled, Kabila in charge.

  14. History • Laurent Kabila assassinated Jan 2001. • Son, Joseph Kabila named head of state. • Most recent elections Joseph Kabila has been reelected as president. • (disputed results)

  15. Data • Over 200 African ethnic groups, majority are Bantu. • Religions: • 50% Roman Catholic, • 20% Protestant, • 10% Kimbanguist, • 10% Muslim. • Population: 73, 599, 190 (July 2012) • Age Structure: • 0-14 44.4%, • 15-64 63%, • 65+ 2.6%

  16. Data • Median age: 17.6 years • Life expectancy: 55.74 years • Literacy: • 66.8% total • 76.9% male • 57% female • School life expectancy • 8 years total • 9 years male • 7 years female

  17. Data • 71% of population is below poverty line • Industries: mining (diamonds, gold, copper, cobalt, coltan, zinc, tin), mineral processing, consumer products (textiles, plastics, footwear, cigarettes), metal products, processed foods and beverages, timber, cement, commercial ship repair.

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