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Down syndrome

Down syndrome. Megan Rogg ED 243 April 13, 2012. The Basics of Down Syndrome. Genetic Condition: Chromosome deficiency Most common cause of human birth defects There are different levels of severity Screenings and tests are available to determine if an unborn baby has Down Syndrome.

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Down syndrome

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  1. Down syndrome Megan Rogg ED 243 April 13, 2012

  2. The Basics of Down Syndrome • Genetic Condition: • Chromosome deficiency • Most common cause of human birth defects • There are different levels of severity • Screenings and tests are available to determine if an unborn baby has Down Syndrome

  3. We are More Alike than different • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-cA3t1HW1Ow&feature=related

  4. Three Types Trisomy 21 Translocation Mosaicism

  5. Trisomy 21 • Most common- 95% • Extra chromosome • 47 instead of 46 • 3 number 21 chromosomes, instead of 2 • How does the extra chromosome get there? • When an egg or sperm is formed, the woman’s or man’s chromosomes typically split, leaving only one chromosome in the egg or sperm. In the case of Trisomy 21, the chromosome does not split, leaving an extra in the egg or sperm.

  6. Translocation • 3-4% of Down Syndrome patients • An extra part of the number 21 chromosome sticks to another chromosome • A parent may be carrying the extra chromosome part in a hidden form

  7. Mosaicism • 1-2% of Down Syndrome diagnosis • Extra 21st chromosome, but only in some cells

  8. Symptoms Physical Mental Social

  9. Physical Symptoms • Hypotonia: decreased muscle tone at birth • Flattened nose • Separated joints between the bones of the skull • Small ears and mouth • Upward slanting eyes • Wide hands and short fingers • White spots on the colored part of the eye • Slower physical development • Other health issues

  10. Mental and Social symptoms • Impulsive behavior • Poor judgment • Short attention span • Slow learning • Anger and frustration

  11. Idea Evaluation and Labeling

  12. Evaluation Issues • Students with Down Syndrome are being tested under the Mental Retardation category of IDEA • Assessment require greater expressive language than they usually have • Unable to answer questions that test their cognition because of their language limitations • Scores often do not reflect their true cognitive abilities

  13. Least Restrictive Environment • Nearly all Down Syndrome children are categorized under Mental Retardation (MR) • Least Restricted Environment (LRE) decisions in the IDEA require that IEP teams consider general education placement first • However, under the MR label • Only 15% of MR students in America are being educated in the general education classroom more than 80% of the day • Almost 50% of MR students are in general education classes less than 40% of the school day • Sometimes these environments are best for the child, other times it is based more on their label

  14. Educational Practices General Practices, Literacy, and Math

  15. General Practices • Inclusion: • Natural environment promotes peer relationships • Promotes healthy relationships with peers • Encourage students’ self-esteem • Always strive to move the student along the learning continuum • Use concrete materials and meaningful, real life situations whenever possible • Be cautious of your language: vocabulary and speed • Break tasks into smaller steps

  16. General Practices (Cont.) • Direct instruction in short time periods • Introduce material slowly and sequentially • Small chunks of activities • Minimize distractions • Have clear routines and rules • Keep the classroom organized • Limit surprises • Minimize the noise level • Some students with Down Syndrome will get distracted when sitting next to the window • Set up intervention when necessary • Implement the same behavioral management techniques as with the other students

  17. Literacy • Children with Down Syndrome are often able to read when given the opportunity • Some will start elementary school with age-appropriate abilities • Teaching students with Down Syndrome how to read at an early age promotes: • Development of spoken language skills • Access to other content areas

  18. Math • Students with Down Syndrome • Generally have difficulties developing strategies • Generally have restricted working and short-term memory capacity • Suggested Teaching Strategies: • Directly teach strategies • Choose which strategies are necessary for them to learn • Aim for them to over-learn • Give the students adequate time • Use tools and manipulatives: calculators!

  19. References Electronic Resources and Images

  20. References: Electronic resources • Faragher, R. (2004). I can do maths too--Count me in!. Australian Primary Mathematics Classroom, 9(1), 23-27. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=dc8c75e2-53f8-4567-9a22-e56eb85a00a4%40sessionmgr115&vid=6&hid=122 • Hurd, H. (2007). Are you Up for Reading?. Literacy Today, (53), 11. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=2a32a065-9319-4de7-bdaa-dc83c36e44c0%40sessionmgr113&vid=5&hid=110 • Jones, Jeff. (2007, September 27). We’re More Alike Than Different. [Video File]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-cA3t1HW1Ow&feature=related • Kaneshiro, Neil K., & Zieve, David. (2010). Down Syndrome: Trisomy 21. Pub Med Health. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001992/

  21. References: Electronic Resources • Sabia, Ricki. (2009). Education Issues for Individuals with Down Syndrome. Retrieved from http://www.ndss.org/PageFiles/167/Down%20Syndrome%20Caucus%20Testimony%202-26-09.pdf • UCSF Medical Center Specialists. (2012). Down Syndrome. Retrieved from http://www.ucsfhealth.org/education/down_syndrome/index.html • Watson, Sue. (2012). Teaching Down’s Syndrome Students. Retrieved from http://specialed.about.com/od/disabilities/a/downs.htm

  22. References: Images • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Translocation_Down_syndrome.png • http://www.down-syndrome.org/community/ • http://webspace.webring.com/people/sn/nikki831/downsyndrome/downsyndrome.html • http://blogs.ubc.ca/earlychildhoodintervention2/category/2-1-children-with-genetic-disorders-down-syndrome/ • http://smquay6.edu.glogster.com/down-syndrome-hassell-fritz-/ • http://dsaundersot.webs.com/ • http://www.examiner.com/health-in-national/first-down-syndrome-education-and-research-center-to-open-the-us • http://www.dseinternational.org/en/gb/ • http://www.down-syndrome.org/give/ • https://disindevt3.wikispaces.com/Down+Syndrome • http://www.anewera4ds.org/saudiarabia.php

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