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Fish Taxonomy

Fish Taxonomy. KINGDOM ANIMALIA PHYLUM CHORDATA SUPERCLASS AGNATHA Class Myxini (1 order) Class Cephalaspidomorphi (1 order) SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA Class Chondrichthyes (10 orders) Class Sarcopterygii (3 orders) Class Actinopterygii (4 orders)

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Fish Taxonomy

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  1. Fish Taxonomy

  2. KINGDOM ANIMALIA PHYLUM CHORDATA SUPERCLASS AGNATHA Class Myxini (1 order) Class Cephalaspidomorphi (1 order) SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA Class Chondrichthyes (10 orders) Class Sarcopterygii (3 orders) Class Actinopterygii (4 orders) Division Teleostei (35-38 orders)

  3. KINGDOM ANIMALIA PHYLUMChordata SUPERCLASSAgnatha ClassMyxini (1 order) Class Cephalaspidomorphi (1 order) SUPERCLASSGnathostomata Class Chondrichthyes (10 orders) Class Sarcopterygii (3 orders) Class Actinopterygii (4 orders) Division Teleostei (35-38 orders)

  4. SUPERCLASS AGNATHA Class Myxini Order Myxiniformes (hagfishes) Class Cephalaspidomorphi Order Petromyzontiformes (lamprey) SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA Class Chondrichthyes Subclass Holocephali Order Chimaeriformes (chimaeras) Subclass Elasmobranchii 9 orders (sharks, rays, skates) Class Sarcopterygii Subclass Coelacanthimorpha Order Coelacanthiformes (coelacanths) Subclass Dipnoi Order Ceratodontiformes (Australian lungfish) Order Lepidosireniformes (S. American, African lungfish) Class Actinopterygii - (rayfins, higher bony fishes) Subclass Chondrostei Order Polypteriformes (birchirs, reedfish) Order Acipenseriformes (sturgeons, paddlefishes) Subclass Neopterygii Order Semionotoformes (Lepisosteiformes) (gars) Order Amiiformes (bowfin) Division Teleostei 35-38 orders (modern body fishes)

  5. Bond pp. 77-87 SUPERCLASS AGNATHA Class Myxini Order Myxiniformes (hagfishes) Class Cephalaspidomorphi Order Petromyzontiformes (lamprey) SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA Class Chondrichthyes Subclass Holocephali Order Chimaeriformes (chimaeras) Subclass Elasmobranchii 9 orders (sharks, rays, skates) Class Sarcopterygii Subclass Coelacanthimorpha Order Coelacanthiformes (coelacanths) Subclass Dipnoi Order Ceratodontiformes (lungfish) Order Lepidosireniformes (S. American, African lungfish) Class Actinopterygii - (rayfins, higher bony fishes) Subclass Chondrostei Order Polypteriformes (birchirs, reedfish) Order Acipenseriformes (sturgeons, paddlefishes) Subclass Neopterygii Order Semionotoformes (Lepisosteiformes) (gars) Order Amiiformes (bowfin) Division Teleostei 35-38 orders (modern body fishes)

  6. SUPERCLASS AGNATHA • Jawless - feed through sucking mouthparts • Gill openings are pores, not slits • No paired fins • Silurian/early Devonian periods (440-400 MYA) • 3 classes • Myxini (hagfishes) • Cephalaspidimorphi (lampreys) • Pteraspidimorphi (extinct) Courtesy: tolweb.org

  7. SUPERCLASS AGNATHA Class Myxini Order Myxiniformes (hagfishes) • most primitive vertebrates • marine only • no larval stage (yet found) • degenerate eyes – no lens or iris • cartilaginous skeleton • no lateral line • one semicircular canal • prominent barbels • no separate dorsal fin

  8. SUPERCLASS AGNATHA Class Myxini Order Myxiniformes (hagfishes) • scavengers (NOT parasites)

  9. SUPERCLASS AGNATHA Class Myxini Order Myxiniformes (hagfishes) • structurally but not functionally hermaphroditic (function as male OR female at a given time) • no osmoregulation: body fluids at same salinity as ocean • ~ 40 spp. today • economic importance - leather and food source in Asia

  10. SUPERCLASS AGNATHA Class Cephalaspidomorphi Order Petromyzontiformes (lamprey) • developed vertebrae • no paired fins; dorsal fin(s) • well developed eyes • gill pouches • two semicircular canals; single nostril

  11. SUPERCLASS AGNATHA Class Cephalaspidomorphi Order Petromyzontiformes (lamprey) • long larval stage (ammocoetes) • ~ 30 species - anadromous and freshwater • parasitic forms: larvae metamorphose, reproduce as parasites • non-parasitic forms: skip feeding stage • non-parasitic forms (detritus-feeders) develop from parasitic forms only in fresh water

  12. SUPERCLASS AGNATHA Class Cephalaspidomorphi Order Petromyzontiformes (lamprey) • Economic importance • food source (Europe, Asia) • Great Lakes fisheries • medical research

  13. SUPERCLASS AGNATHA Class Myxini Order Myxiniformes (hagfishes) Class Cephalaspidomorphi Order Petromyzontiformes (lamprey) SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA Class Chondrichthyes Subclass Holocephali Order Chimaeriformes (chimaeras) Subclass Elasmobranchii 9 orders (sharks, rays, skates) Class Sarcopterygii Subclass Coelacanthimorpha Order Coelacanthiformes (coelacanths) Subclass Dipnoi Order Ceratodontiformes (lungfish) Order Lepidosireniformes (S. American, African lungfish) Class Actinopterygii - (rayfins, higher bony fishes) Subclass Chondrostei Order Polypteriformes (birchirs, reedfish) Order Acipenseriformes (sturgeons, paddlefishes) Subclass Neopterygii Order Semionotoformes (Lepisosteiformes) (gars) Order Amiiformes (bowfin) Division Teleostei 35-38 orders (modern body fishes)

  14. SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA • jawed • gills are slits • paired fins • Silurian (400 MYA) • 4 classes • Placodermi (extinct) • Chondrichthyes • Sarcopterygii • Actinopterygii (rayfins, higher bony fishes)

  15. SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA Class Placodermi • Extinct • jaws first appear • gill arches first appear • paired fins • bony plates Courtesy: http://universe-review.ca

  16. SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA Class Chondrichthyes Courtesy: http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk • Chimaeras, sharks, skates & rays • cartilaginous • teeth not fused to jaws • ‘placental’ to oviparous reproduction • embryos are sometimes encased • gestation up to 2 yrs Courtesy: http://www.jaxshells.org

  17. SUPERCLASS AGNATHA Class Myxini Order Myxiniformes (hagfishes) Class Cephalaspidomorphi Order Petromyzontiformes (lamprey) SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA Class Chondrichthyes Subclass Holocephali Order Chimaeriformes (chimaeras) Subclass Elasmobranchii 9 orders (sharks, rays, skates) Class Sarcopterygii Subclass Coelacanthimorpha Order Coelacanthiformes (coelacanths) Subclass Dipnoi Order Ceratodontiformes (lungfish) Order Lepidosireniformes (S. American, African lungfish) Class Actinopterygii - (rayfins, higher bony fishes) Subclass Chondrostei Order Polypteriformes (birchirs, reedfish) Order Acipenseriformes (sturgeons, paddlefishes) Subclass Neopterygii Order Semionotoformes (Lepisosteiformes) (gars) Order Amiiformes (bowfin) Division Teleostei 35-38 orders (modern body fishes)

  18. SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA Class Chondrichthyes Subclass Holocephali Order Chimaeriformes (chimaeras) • typically in shallow to mid-depth • water • all marine • Cretaceous ratfish

  19. SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA Class Chondrichthyes Subclass Holocephali Order Chimaeriformes (chimaeras) • gills in four pairs • spiracle absent • skin naked in adults • cloaca absent • males have pelvic intromittent organs (claspers) • two dorsal fins, first erectile with a spine and poison gland • diphycercal tail (symmetrical-tapering-whiplike)

  20. SUPERCLASS GNATHOSTOMATA Class Chondrichthyes Subclass Holocephali Order Chimaeriformes (chimaeras) • upper jaw/mouth fused to cranium • teeth are grinding plates elephantfish, plownose

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