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The European Datum ETRS89 and Related Map Projections

The European Datum ETRS89 and Related Map Projections. Johannes Ihde Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy. Contents The European Spatial Reference and Map Projection Workshops Realization of ETRS89 and its Practical Use Coordinate Systems and Map Projections CRS Internet Portal.

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The European Datum ETRS89 and Related Map Projections

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  1. The European Datum ETRS89 and Related Map Projections Johannes Ihde Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy

  2. Contents • The European Spatial Reference and Map Projection Workshops • Realization of ETRS89 and its Practical Use • Coordinate Systems and Map Projections • CRS Internet Portal

  3. The European Spatial Reference and Map Projection Workshops The Spatial Reference Workshop 1999 and the Map Projection Workshop 2000 recommends to the European Commission: 1. To adopt ETRS89 as geodetic datum and to express and store positions, as far as possible, in ellipsoidal coordinates, with the underlying GRS80 ellipsoid [ETRS89]. Three map projections are required to supplement the ellipsoidal system. (Adopted for geo data of the Commission)

  4. 2. To adopt EVRF2000 for expressing practical heights (gravity-related). 3. To take strong action to support the work of EUREF, EuroGeographics and the NMAs in collecting and making available in a public domain the definitions of various coordinate reference systems(realized by CRS internet portal), and definitive transformation parameters between the national reference systems and ETRS89 (realized for 3 m accuracy level), as well as EVRF2000 (in preparation).

  5. ISO 19111 (ISO/TC 211, WI 11) Spatial referencing by coordinates DIS November 2000, IS 2003 Scope WI 11 describes the conceptual schema and defines the description for a minimum data to two cases for which 1-, 2- and 3-dimensional coordinate reference system (CRS) information shall be given: • Case A: A coordinate reference system to which a set of coordinates is related. • Case B: An operation (transformation, conversion, concatenated operation) to change coordinate values from one coordinate reference system to another.

  6. Coordinate reference system (CRS) is a coordinate system which is related to the Earth by a datum coordinate reference system terrestrial reference system grid coordinate system map projection datum geodetic vertical engineering

  7. Components of a European spatial reference system(CRS)

  8. 2. Realization of ETRS89 and its Practical Use Statement: ETRS89 is recognised by the scientific community as the European geodetic datum to be adopted. It is defined to 1cm accuracy, and it is consistent with the global ITRS. ETRS89 is available due to the EUREF permanent GPS station network EPN and the validated EUREF campaign observations. It is part of the legal framework of some EU member states.

  9. Terrestrial Reference System (TRS) A TRS is mathematically defined as an Euclidian affine frame with an origin, scale and orientation in relation to the Earth body A TRS is realized by coordinates of physical points an or near the Earth surface

  10. The International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) • The geodetic datum (origin, orientation, scale) of ITRS is defined by conventions (2002) of the International Earth Rotation Service (IERS of IAG) • ITRS is realized by a series of frames (ITRF last one is 2000) with coordinates and velocities of some hundred world wide geodetic stations (Service of IAG)

  11. The European Terrestrial Reference System 1989 (ETRS89) • The European Continental Plate is moving quite uniformly of some 3 cm per year, relatively to the ITRS. Excepted is of the south-eastern extreme of Europe (Greece, Turkey). • The IAG Sub-commission for Europe EUREF decided to define a System fixed to the European plate in order to have stable co-ordinates for Europe. • This System (datum) is named ETRS, or ETRS89, as was identical to the ITRS in the year 1989. • Since 1989, ETRS89 co-ordinates have shifted from their values expressed in ITRS. The shifts are monitored by IERS and EUREF. • This shift is well known, and transformations from one to the other are possible for most part in a 1 cm accuracy. The shift parameter are given with the ITRF solutions.

  12. European Terrestrial Reference System 1989 (ETRS89) is the geodetic datum for pan-European spatial data collection, storage and analysis. This is based on the GRS80 ellipsoid and is the basis for a coordinate reference system using ellipsoidal coordinates. The ETRS89 Ellipsoidal Coordinate Reference System (ETRS89) is recommended to express and to store positions, as far as possible.

  13. ETRS89 Ellipsoidal Coordinate Reference System (ETRS89) Description Entitiy Value CRS ID ETRS89 CRS valid area Europe Datum scope European datum consistent with ITRS at the epoch 1989.0 and fixed to the stable part of the Eurasian continental plate for georeferencing of GIS and geokinematic tasks Datum remarks see Boucher, C., Altamimi, Z. (1992): The EUREF Terrestrial Reference System and its First Realizations. Veröffentlichungen der Bayerischen Kommission für die Internationale Erdmessung, Heft 52, München 1992, pages 205-213- or -ftp://lareg.ensg.ign.fr/pub/euref/info/guidelines/ Prime meridian ID Greenwich Prime meridian Greenwich longitude 0° Ellipsoid ID GRS 80 Ellipsoid semi-major axis 6 378 137 m Ellipsoid inverse flattening 298.257222101

  14. EUREF GPS Permanent Network EPN No. stations: 130 total 42 IGS

  15. EUREF GPS Permanent Network (EPN) - Organization - EPN Coordination Group EPN Central Bureau EPN Special Projects • Network Coordinator • C. Bruyninx, ROB • Analysis Coordinator • H. Habrich, BKG • Dataflow Coordinator • G. Stangl, OLG • Technical Working Group representative • W. Gurtner, AIUB • Special projects representatives • Tasks: • Day-to-day general management of the EPN • Realization of a policy as prescribed by the Technical Working Group • Provide all EPN related information • Head: C. Bruyninx, ROB • Time series for geokinematic • Head: A. Kenyeres, FOMI • Troposphere parameter estimation • Head: G. Weber, BKG

  16. EPN Analysis and Data Centers NGK BKG WUT DEO GOP ROB SGO IGN BEK OLG IGE UPA COE LPT ASI Local Analysis Center Regional Data Center Local Data Center

  17. 3. Coordinate Systems and Map Projections A coordinate system is a set of mathematical rules for specifying how coordinates are to be related to points. Map projections are special coordinate systems. The rules defining the map projections are conversions between ellipsoidal coordinates and coordinates of the map projections.

  18. The Map Projection Workshop 2000 recommends that the European Commission: •   Uses for statistical analysis and display a ETRS89 Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area coordinate reference system of 2001 [ETRS -LAEA], that is specified by ETRS89 as datum and the Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area map projection. •   Uses for conformal pan-European mapping at scales smaller or equal to 1:500,000 ETRS89 Lambert Conic Conformal coordinate reference system of 2001 [ETRS -LCC] that is specified by ETRS89 as datum and the Lambert Conic Conformal (2SP) map projection. •   Uses for conformal pan-European mapping at scales larger than 1:500,000 ETRS89 Transverse Mercator coordinate reference systems [ETRS-TMzn].

  19. For pan-European statistical mapping at all scales or for other purposes where a true area representation is required, the ETRS89 Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area Coordinate Reference System (ETRS-LAEA) is recommended. The ETRS89 Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area Coordinate Reference System (ETRS-LAEA) is a single projected coordinate reference system for all of the pan-European area. It is based on the ETRS89 geodetic datum and the GRS80 ellipsoid.

  20. Operation method parameters number 4 ETRS89 Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area Coordinate Reference System (ETRS-LAEA) Description Operation parameter name latitude of origin Operation parameter value 52° N Operation parameter name longitude of origin Operation parameter value 10° E Operation parameter name false northing Operation parameter value 3 210 000.0 m Operation parameter remarks Operation parameter name false easting Operation parameter value 4 321 000.0 m Operation parameter remarks

  21. 4. CRS Internet PortalInformation System for European Coordinate Reference Systems - Structure

  22. Homepage

  23. Selection of CRS

  24. Description of CRS

  25. Transformations between geodetic datum, map projections and geographical grids in geodesy and geoinformation Johannes Ihde, Jens Luthardt Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy and Members of the Expert Group Geodesy (ExG G) of EuroGeographics, former WG 8 of CERCO Zuheir Altamimi, Heinz Habrich, Joao Torres, Georg Weber

  26. Contents • Spatial reference Systems – The European Situation • Datum Transformation • Coordinate Conversion and Map Projections • Transformation of Grid Related Information • Realisation of a web-based Geodetic Information and Service System – GISS • Contribution of ExG-G and EUREF to ESDI

  27. Coordinate reference system (CRS) is a coordinate system which is related to the Earth by a datum coordinate reference system terrestrial reference system (grid) coordinate system incl. map projection datum geodetic vertical engineering

  28. Spatial reference systems – • The European Situation A referense frame is the realization of a defined reference system

  29. Components of European spatial reference systems(CRS)

  30. European Coordinate Reference Systems incl. map projections

  31. National Coordinate Reference Systems (CRS) in Europe

  32. Map Projections in Europe

  33. Map Projections in Europe

  34. 2. Datum TransformationCoordinate Transformation coordinatetransformation coordinates relatedto target CRSwith datum 2 andcoordinate system A coordinates relatedto source CRSwith datum 1 andcoordinate system A change of coordinates from one coordinate reference system to another coordinate reference system based on a different datum through a one-to-one relationship

  35. Description of Transformations to ETRS89

  36. Formula of 7 Parameter Helmert (similarity) Transformation(ISO19111) (T) Target Datum (S) Source Datum T1, T2, T3 geocentric X/Y/Z translations [m] R1, R2, R3 rotations around X/Y/Z axis [radian] D correction of scale [ppm] Remark: the rotations R1, R2, R3 must be small.

  37. 3. Coordinate Conversion and Map Projections coordinateconversion coordinates relatedto target CRSwith datum 1 andcoordinate system B coordinates relatedto source CRSwith datum 1 andcoordinate system A change of coordinates from one coordinate system to another based on the same datum based on a one-to-one relationship (including map projection)

  38. Coordinate Systems • 3D: • Cartesian: X, Y, Z • Ellipsoidal: l, j, h • (Geodetic Coordinates) • Mapping: E, N, h • Spherical: R, q, l • Cylindrical: l, l, Z • 2D: • Geographic: l, j • Mapping: E, N • Height system: H Z P R z q o Y l l X lcosl OP lsinl z Rcosq cosl OP Rcosq sinl Rsinq Cylindrical Spherical

  39. Map projection

  40. Coordinate conversion and coordinate transformation Datum 1 Coordinate System A Datum 2 Coordinate System A coordinatetransformation I coordinateconversion Datum 1 Coordinate System B coordinatetransformation II(concatenated coordinate operations)

  41. 4. Transformation of Grid Related Information Most of the transformation/conversion cases in geodesy and geoinformation are related to point information (easy case of a one to one relationship). In physical geodesy some processing procedures bases on mean values over near equal area grids/compartments (geoid determination by solution of a BVP with mean gravity anomalies and topographic heights)

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