IGBP Carbon Data Syntheses and the problems they will (help us) solve

1. IGBP Carbon Data Synthesesand the problems they will (help us) solve Are Olsen Institute of Marine Research & Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research

2. Acknowledgements Benjamin Pfeil, Bjerknes Dorothee Bakker, UEA Chris Sabine, NOAA/PMEL Nicolas Metzl, L’OCEAN Steve Hankin, NOAA/PMEL Denis Pierrot, NOAA/AOML Abdir Omar, Bjerknes Ingunn Skjelvan, Bjerknes Truls Johannessen, Bjerknes Bob Key, Princeton Toste Tanhua, GEOMAR Mario Hoppema, AWI Siv Lauvset, Bjerknes Emil Jeansson, Bjerknes Sara Jütterstrøm, Gøteborg U. Reiner Steinfeldt, U Bremen Alex Kozyr, CDIAC

3. Global Ocean Carbon Observations Voluntary Observing Ships -VOS Repeat sections

4. Global Ocean Carbon Observations Voluntary Observing Ships -VOS Sea-air CO2 fluxes Takahashi et al., 2009 Repeat sections Anthropogenic CO2 inventory Khatiwala et al., 2010

5. Global Ocean Carbon Observations Voluntary Observing Ships -VOS Watson et al., 2009 Repeat sections Carbon Anthropogenic carbon 0-500 m 500-1000 m Olsen & Jeansson

6. Ocean carbon science: from climatological view to dynamic view • The large scale climatological state of ocean carbon cycle is understood: • -it absorbs ~25% of emitted CO2/yr • -it has taken up ~50% of CO2 emitted since pre-industrial times • New observations revels large regional and short term (<10 year) variations: • -Underlying mechanisms are not understood (sensitivity to global change). • -Their integrated global impact is not known. • -Not or only partly reproduced in climate models (either because of the observations of because of the models). • Calls for: • -more observations • -better observations (better timed, better placed) • -better integration of the observations to allow (relatively) high frequency large scale assessments

7. Community Driven Data Syntheses • Rescue, secure quality of & provide easy access to existing ocean carbon data: • 2. Initiate future routine efforts by: Do first step AND develop & implement required methodology

8. 2001-2011 -85 Scientists from 12 countries -Assembeled surface ocean CO2 partial pressure data from global ocean into one collection >6.5 e6 quality controlled and documented data points - all pCO2 data collected from late -60s to mid 2000s - two products are available - www.SOCAT.info

9. Global Seasonal & Decadal Surface Ocean CO2 Dec, Jan, Feb. June, July, Aug.

10. SOCAT outlook • SOCAT still running, workshops: May, Seattle & July Tsukuba, Japan • SOCAT version 2 – scheduled release late 2012 • SOCAT as an near-operational effort feeding GOOS, Global Carbon Project, Scientists worldwide etc…. • SOCAT automated data submission and quality controll system SOCAT Users 13

11. Interior Ocean Carbon Synthesis • Ongoing effort to assemble data from 700 cruises into a consistent, quality controlled and fully documented database • Early 70s until 2011 • Tentative release date, March 2013

12. WOCE/JGOFS 1990s global CO2 survey. Plus historical data (GEOSECS, TTO, SAVE etc). ~115 cruises Key et al., 2004 Atlantic and SO data from mostly European sources from 90s and early 2000s. ~190 cruises Key, Jutterström, Hoppema, Olsen and Tanhua et al, 2010 Pacific data from mostly Japanese cruises from 90s and 2000s. ~300 cruises Ishii, Suzuki et al., 2012

13. 1. Organise, primary QC and archive original cruise files 2. Consistency analyses 2a. Determine cruise by cruise offets 2b. Determine optimal adjustments using least squares inversion 2c. Apply selected adjustments, merge and distribute DATA PRODUCTS

14. Proposed use: A data driven diagnostic model of global ocean biogeochemistry C. Rödenbeck et al.

15. Rödenbeck et al., OS, subm

16. Summary • Marine CO2 science is turning from a data limited to a data driven discipline. • Routine, community-driven data syntheses maximise the scientific output from the data. • SOCAT deals with surface ocean data & GLODAP delas with deep ocean data. • We are now in the process of operationalize these efforts.