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This FORTH experiment in Heraklion, Crete focuses on the modeling, physical characterization, fabrication, and testing of LH structures. It includes measurements and theoretical calculations for GaAs-based CMMs, as well as the investigation of SRR behavior and the design of tailor-made LH structures.
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FORTH-Experiment DALHM meeting 18 / 09 / 2003 Heraklion, Crete
Milestones and expected results (T0+12) • M1.1Modeling of LH structures • M1.2Physical characterization of 1D LH structures • M2.1Fabrication of 1D LH structures • M3.1Modeling and characterization of LH antenna
1D LH test structures • LH structures tested: • ax= 5 mm, ay= 3.63 mm, PCB boards (5-15 GHz, design of Bilkent)fabrication: printed circuit board technology • ax= ay= 0.5 mm, GaAs substrates (25-40 GHz)fabrication: UV lithography technique
SRR parameters • for 5-15 GHz • ax= 5 mm, ay= 3.63 mm • w = 3 mm • c = 0.33 mm • g = 0.33 mm • d = 0.33 mm • for 25-40 GHz • ax= ay= 0.5 mm • w = 0.26 mm • c = 0.02 mm • g = 0.04 mm • d = 0.03 mm
GaAs-based CMMs (measurements at FORTH) ωp2 = 2πc02/ α2 ln(α / r)
We have to be extremely careful with the assignment of LH behavior to CMMs. • The SRR “dip” coincidence with a CMM “peak” is not necessarily a proof for LH behavior. • The “wires” – only structures are necessary to get an idea for the “plasma freq.” of the CMM. • However, this is at the same time misleading since we have also to take into account the interactions between the wires and the SRRs which definitely alter the electric response of the CMM.
We are currently working on producing SRRs- and wires- only structures on GaAs. • However, since we now expect this GaAs-based CMM not to show a LH peak (after present theoretical calc.), we are thinking of adding a second wire in the unit cell so that we might shift the “plasma freq.” (ωp´) higher.
Observations • Broadening of the CMM peak with increasing αz separation in both the in-plane and off-plane CMMs. • The SRR response is not strongly affected. • The broadening of the CMM peak is due to the shift of the wires-only “plasma freq.” to lower freqs. • Are the observed peaks really LH?
Characteristic frequencies of the CMM αz= 5.5mm
Cut-SRR Closed-SRR
Conclusions • We must extensively check one structure before concluding that it shows LH behavior. • The critical frequency for the electrical response of the CMM is ωp΄. We must though be able to control ωp΄ in relation with ωm. In order to safely design real LH structures we have either to shift ωp΄ higher or ωm lower.
Ongoing work - Future plans • Understand the different parameters that affect ωp΄ andωm(wires width, resonator gap, distance between rings etc.). • Target tailor-made 1D LH structures. • Continue the work on the 30GHz GaAs-based structures (trying to produce real LH peaks). • Investigate the simple SRR behavior (is there really there a LH peak?). • Start working with 2D structures as well as with THz structures.