Learning objectives

1. Learning objectives • Compare the characteristics of two settlement case studies: an inner city area and an area of rural settlement. • Consider the implications for social welfare – how people’s wellbeing is affected by where they live. Canning Town Rural Cornwall

2. How would you describe rural Cornwall?

3. Activity: Characteristics of rural Cornwall • Read the information about rural Cornwall. • Decide if each fact relates to the population structure, economy, housing or services/facilitiesof the area. • Cut them out and glue them onto your sheet in the relevant section.

4. What are the key characteristics? • Ageing population: out-migration of working aged people. • Economic deprivation: remoteness and lack of infrastructure, loss of traditional jobs, variable tourism employment, little investment. • Lack of affordable housing: limited social housing, many second homes and holiday lets. • Decreasing services and facilities: poor secondary and further education, limited healthcare provision, lack of village shops and public transport.

5. What is social welfare Social welfare is about people’s quality of life and how their wellbeing is affected by where they live. • It is influenced by characteristics such as: • Quality of housing and environment • Healthcare and facilities offered • Education and quality of schools • Provision of recreation and leisure facilities • Being safe and secure, free from threats (related to age, race or religion)

6. Learning objectives • Compare the characteristics of two settlement case studies: an inner city area and an area of rural settlement. • Consider the implications for social welfare – how people’s wellbeing is affected by where they live. Canning Town Rural Cornwall

7. Activity: Implications of social welfare Working in pairs, discuss the implications (consequences) of rural Cornwall’s characteristics for social welfare, e.g. people’s lifestyles and opportunities. Add your ideas to the column on your case study sheet. Positive factors? Environmental benefits? For example: Second-homes and holiday lets affects affordability of home ownership for local people who are forced to rent accommodation. They may not be able to get onto the housing market unless they move away from the area. This may mean leaving friends and family, and relocating away from places of work. Local people may feel like ‘outsiders’ in their village and distressed or angry at being unable secure homes in the long-term.

8. Managing social welfare implications • The characteristics of an area affects the environment in which people live and hence their lifestyles. • Local people, communities, organisations and local governments often take action to respond to any issues that result. What action was taken in rural Cornwall to improve social welfare issues?

9. Improving social welfare in rural Cornwall • In 2000, Cornwall was classified by the EU as an Objective Oneregion, meaning that the region qualified for poverty-related grants from the EU. • The region received over £350m of funding between 2000-2006 which laid the foundations to revive the local economy and brought significant improvements. • However, by 2007 Cornwall was identified as having a relatively weak economy compared with the European average and was subsequently awarded ‘Convergence Status’ worth £415m over the period 2007-2013.

10. Objective One initiatives Objective One funding has been used in supporting and developing a largely indigenous food and farming industry. This is now worth nearly £2 billion a year.

11. Objective One initiatives The development of the Combined Universities in Cornwall was a unique initiative to support economic regeneration through education. • A growing graduate workforce • Specialist support for local businesses • Academic research as an innovative means to stimulate growth in the local economy

12. Objective One initiatives • Objective One funding also sought to overcome economic hurdles associated with poor external connections by: • Rolling out superfast broadband • Developing Newquay Cornwall Airport • Dualling the A30 at Goss Moor • Developing the main rail line between Truro and St Austell

13. Objective One initiatives Convergence funding has also provided office space for local businesses and initiatives such as Cornwall Works to improve people’s skills and enhance their career prospects. This approach has improved employment rates in Cornwall.

14. Have social welfare issues been met? Recap on rural Cornwall’s characteristics • Ageing population: out-migration of working aged people. • Economic deprivation: remoteness and lack of infrastructure, loss of traditional jobs, variable tourism employment, little investment. • Lack of affordable housing: limited social housing, many second homes and holiday lets. • Decreasing services and facilities: poor secondary and further education, limited healthcare provision, lack of village shops and public transport.

15. However… One of the first Objective One projects, a £3.5 million factory Borders Books, opened in 2002 creating 90 jobs and became the company's national distribution centre. In March 2008 the depot closed. The Gaia Energy Centreopened in 2001 as a tourist attraction. It cost £5m and was expected to attract 150,000 visitors a year. It closed after three years, having only welcomed one tenth of the expected visitor numbers.

16. However… A significant number of jobs remain seasonal and low paid, and the gap between the lowest and highest earners has remains the same. When compared to the UK average GDP figures Cornwall remains the second poorest region in the country. Little funding has been allocated to low-cost housing provision.

17. Learning objectives • Compare the characteristics of two settlement case studies: an inner city area and an area of rural settlement. • Consider the implications for social welfare – how people’s wellbeing is affected by where they live. Canning Town Rural Cornwall

18. How would you describe Canning Town?

19. Activity: Characteristics of Canning Town • Read pages 190-192 of the hand out. • Highlight key information about the characteristics of Canning Town and the main problems it faces.

20. Unaffordable housing /high proportion of social housing Lack of sense of community High proportion of ethnic minorities (39%) Unemployment (only 38% in FT employment) and low incomes (£10,000pc) What are the main characteristics and problems of Canning Town? Poor quality of life (LE is 25% lower& 9% disabled) High crime rate Poor educational achievement (43% of adults have no qualifications) Deprivation: one of most deprived areas in UK Poor service provision - 21% dissatisfied. Poor schooling

21. Activity: Implications for social welfare Social welfare is about people’s quality of life and how their wellbeing is affected by where they live. • To explore how Canning Town’s characteristics affect its residents create a flow diagram to link: • Low qualifications • Poor health • Low incomes • Poor housing • Ethnicity

22. Yet, Canada Square/Canary Wharf is less than 3km away!

23. Improving social welfare in Canning Town The CATCH regeneration project (Canning Town and Custom House) was implemented in 2005. Funded by the national government and costing £3.7 billion, it aims to create neighbourhoods with a mixture of improved employment, services, and owned and rented accommodation.

24. Activity: CATCH regeneration project Read the information about the CATCH project on page 193 then answer the following questions. What is the CATCH project? What has been done to tackle housing issues, low incomes, low employment, local services and education? How successful has the CATCH project been?

25. Aims of the CATCH project • New homes, including housing for families • Replacement of poor-quality housing • Homes for sale, shared ownership and rent at affordable prices • Two larger, improved town centres • New or improved schools, health, leisure and other facilities for the community • Creation of more jobs with training for local people • Workspace for small local and emerging enterprises • New shops, a supermarket and office space • Improved links and connections between the bus and rail stations and under the A13 • Better-quality streets and open spaces • Investment in infrastructure services and facilities

26. The London Docklands Canary Wharf is just 3km from Canning Town. Between 1981–1992 the area was regenerated. The LDLR brings in 35,000 passengers a week! £7.7 billion was generated in private sector investment and 2,700 businesses now trade in the area including HSBC. This development enabled London to become the world’s number one Financial Centre.

27. Westfield Shopping Centre Westfield Stratford is Europe's largest urban shopping centre (1.9m sqft). This is a 10 minute walk from Canning Town! It features 300 brands, 50 restaurants and a 14-screen Vuecinema, creating 8000 jobs!

28. The Olympic Village The UK economy has seen a £9.9bn boost in trade and investment from hosting the 2012 London Olympic Games. Estimates suggest that the 2012 Games could create 17,900 additional jobs per year between 2012 and 2015, with 70,000 workless Londoners already helped into employment

29. Crossrail Crossrail is Europe’s largest construction project and the most significant infrastructure project in the UK It will run over 100km, bringing an extra 1.5 million people to within 45 minutes of central London and will link London’s key employment, leisure and business districts.

30. How will these projects impact upon Canning Town? Write a report explaining how the 2012 Olympics, the new Westfield shopping centre in Stratford and Crossrail might help to improve social welfare issues in Stratford.