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Publishing and Presenting Clinical Research 2009 Week Four. Warren Browner, MD, MPH warren@cpmcri.org. Today's agenda. Review from last time Discussion Prettifying Talks and slides Your stuff (limitations). T&F common opportunities. Can’t tell what to expect from title or legend
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Publishing and Presenting Clinical Research 2009Week Four Warren Browner, MD, MPH warren@cpmcri.org
Today's agenda • Review from last time • Discussion • Prettifying • Talks and slides • Your stuff (limitations)
T&F common opportunities • Can’t tell what to expect from title or legend • Unlabeled data • Precision = excessive, too much, overkill • Not clear what’s in the figure • Not “worthy” of a figure
Discussion: Structure • What you found (key findings, in words) and the strength of your convictions • What the results mean • Limitations • Conclusions
What does it mean that A >B? • Implications of your results • Clinical, scientific, methodological • Comparison with what’s known • Alternative explanations • Anticipate concerns of reviewers and readers • What should happen next
Limitations • If you could do it over… • Be reasonable: Don’t suggest a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 20,000 patients if it’s not appropriate • Problems in design, sample, measurements, analysis, interpretation, and why these matter • Alternatives that you did not address
Practice Segues • These results are consistent with… • Our result suggest… • We believe our findings… • Why might our results differ from…? • We made several other observations…
Prettifying: Fonts • Two per document or presentation • Serifs (doohickeys) for text • Sans serif for tables, figures, legends, headers Garamond, Times New Roman, Book Antiqua, Bookman Arial Narrow, Arial, Tahoma, Trebuchet MS, Verdana Courier lines up vertically One line is under another
Prettifying Use the Insert, Symbol menu Greek letters (a, b g, d) Mathematical entries ( ±, ≈, ≠, ≥, ≤) Text that is both left- and right-justified is harder to read than left-justified text. The spacing is often awkward. Left-justified text is easier to read than text which is both left- and right-justified. The spacing is more natural.
It’s a Computer, not a Typewriter • Delete underlining. Use bold or italic. • Follow periods with only one space. • Two spaces. Are too many. Really • One space. Is just fine. Honest.
Making Slides • A few easy lessons • Do’s and don’ts
PowerPoint Rules • Keep the distractions to a minimum • Colors, fonts, animation, graphics • Minimum font size (this is 28) • This is 24 • This is 20 • This is 18 • This is still 18
More Rules • Keep colors to a minimum (4-5 max) • Don’t forget the color-blind (cross-hatch) • 2-point lines minimum
Clues that Something is Wrong • It takes more than 10 min. to make a slide • You have 20 minutes to talk and 40 slides • One slide per minute
What This Slide Says • I don’t have a point to make • I do have too much time my hands • I learned how to use animation • You're going to have sit through it • Now what was I trying to say?
Practicing the Talk • First aim for overall message and time • Then seek input about the slides • Fix slides as you do so • Then about the talk • Get “style” comments in private
Always • Spell check (F7) • Then print slides (hand-out) and proof-read
The PowerPoint Show • F5 = start; ESC = end; “X” enter = slide “X” • During the show • B = blackout • W = whiteout • Next = Spacebar, right or up arrow, N, enter, or left click • Previous = Backspace, down or left arrow, or P
The Talk Itself • Arrive early • Meet the chairs • Position friends in the front of the audience • Bring a glass of water • Don’t get spontaneous until you get good • Chuck the laser pointer
Don’t Read Your Slides • Reading slides is boring and turns people off • Most will realize they don't have to pay attention to what the speaker is saying, and they will stop doing so • People can also read faster than someone can speak (can’t you?) • But don’t ignore what you’ve written
Responding to Questions • ESL: “Thanks for your attention. I will try to respond to your questions, but English is not my first language. Please speak slowly and simply.” • All: “I'm sorry; I don't understand your question. Perhaps we can discuss this after the session.”
Responding to Nasty Questioners • Multi-part questions: • Answer what you want to • Then say “What was the other question?” • Hostile or argumentative: • “Perhaps we can discuss this later. Next question?”
Physiology • Limitations