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Music

Music. Or, a lecture to soothe the savage beast. Music Basics. What is music? Sound and silence temporally organized Sounds of music Pitch, timbre, loudness Scale Sequential presentation of notes Fundamental = note at scale base, bottom note of chord Chord

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Music

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  1. Music Or, a lecture to soothe the savage beast

  2. Music Basics • What is music? • Sound and silence temporally organized • Sounds of music • Pitch, timbre, loudness • Scale • Sequential presentation of notes • Fundamental = note at scale base, bottom note of chord • Chord • Collection of notes played simultaneously

  3. Timbre and Complexity • Harmonics • Notes at specific intervals that resonate above a fundamental • Vary in loudness • Onset, offset time • Characteristic harmonics determine timbre • Demo 1 - harmonic changes sound (track 53) Harmonics change the sound, NOT the pitch

  4. Music Physics • Consonance • Intervals of notes that when played simultaneously sound good together • Synergistic overtones • Dissonance (Track 62) • Intervals of notes that when played together sound conflicting • Interference pattern between overtones

  5. Structural Music • Scale perception • Western Music uses accents to structure sound • Asynchronous western scale • Whole step, whole step, half step, Whole step, whole step, whole step, half step • 8 notes per scale, 16 notes available • Causes leading tones • Asynchronous scales • Whole tone scale • Chromatic (half-step scale) • Same notes, no structure

  6. Music Training • Instrument specific • Present violin or trumpet to violinist or trumpeter (Pantev et al., 2001) • Event related potential (ERP) • Pattern, timing of neural response • Unspecified region • Instrument specific N1 • Attention related negativity of neural response • Larger for own instrument

  7. Brain Changes • Hemispheric Differences (e.g., Burton et al., 1989) • Musical categorization • Left or Right presentation; musician or non-musician • Musician = Right ear advantage; Non=Left ear advantage • Hemispheric specialization changes with training • Left brain: speech specialization, dynamic processing;Right brain: spatial processing • But see Zatorre (1979)

  8. Bulk up the Brain • Brain topography of musicians (Gaser & Schlaug, 2003) • Increased gray matter for parietal areas(pianists) • Somatosensory, motor coordination • Multisensory combination (visual-auditory-somatosensory) • No differences in white matter • Areas of change and magnitude instrument specific

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