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Greek Culture and Society

Greek Culture and Society. Term II, Lecture 7 Greek Religion. Religion and worship. Athens, theatre of Dionysus, seat of the priest of Dionysus. What was a Greek sanctuary?. Sanctuary of Poseidon, Cape Sunion, Attica. Main features of a Greek sanctuary. Location Altar Temenos Priest

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Greek Culture and Society

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  1. Greek Culture and Society Term II, Lecture 7 Greek Religion

  2. Religion and worship

  3. Athens, theatre of Dionysus, seat of the priest of Dionysus

  4. What was a Greek sanctuary? Sanctuary of Poseidon, Cape Sunion, Attica

  5. Main features of a Greek sanctuary • Location • Altar • Temenos • Priest • Calendar

  6. Altar of the Temple of Apollo, Gortyn, Crete

  7. Temenos of the sanctuary of Zeus, Dodona

  8. Everyday Rituals • Home hearth is sacred to Hestia • Everything hunted is sacred to Artemis • Everything farmed is sacred to Demeter • All sea-going activities are sacred to Poseidon • All weather phenomena are sacred to Zeus • Travelling and trading is sacred to Hermes • Metal-working is sacred to Hephaistos • Wool-working and household work are sacred to Athena

  9. Hestia, the most gentle and charitable of divinities, guardian of the oikos

  10. Ephaistos, the god blacksmith

  11. Thundering Zeus

  12. Greek Calendars • Each polis had its own calendar • The calendar was a calendar of festivals and sacrifices

  13. cos

  14. Sacred Calendar from Kos • Month A: Batromeios • ?: An ox from the Chiliastes to Hestia Hetaireia • ?: Annual Festival to Zeus Polieus. Sacrifice of ox. • 10th: A pig and a kid to Dionysos Scyllites • 20th: An ox to Zeus Polieus • 20th: A pregnant sheep to Athena Polias • 21st: A pig and a kid to Dionysos Scyllites • 23rd: A sheep and a pregnant ewe to Demeter • 24th: A pig and a kid to Dionysos Scyllites • Month B: Karneios • ?: A pregnant ewe to Rhea • 10th: A heifer to Argive Royal Hera of the Marshes • 11th: A pig to Zeus Machaneus • 12th: 3 sheep, an ox, ½ medimnos of barley and wine to Zeus Machaneus • 12th: Heifer/sheep to Athena Machanis • Month C: Pedageitnion • 21st: 3 sheep to the Heroes • 28th: A lamb to Herakles • 28th: An ox to Herakles • Month D: Unknown • 17th: A sheep to Delian Apollo • 17th: An ewe to Leto • 19th: A goat to the Graces • 20th: A sheep and an ewe to Apollo Karneios and Artemis

  15. The Panathenaic Procession • It is generally accepted that the Parthenon Frieze portrays the Processions at the festival of the Great Panathenaia that was celebrated every four years in Athens

  16. Athens, the Parthenon

  17. Panathenaic Processiona proposed order • Four little girls carrying a peplos for the life-size statue of Athena Polias • Priestesses of Athena and Athenian women carrying gifts • Sacrificial animals (cows and sheep) • Metics (resident aliens), wearing purple robes and carrying on trays cakes and honeycombs for offerings • Musicians playing the aulos and the kithara. • A colossal peplos (for Athena Parthenos) hung on the mast of a ship on wheels • Old men carrying olive branches • Four-horse chariots with a charioteer and fully armed man (apobatês) • Craftswomen (ergastinai - weavers of peplos) • Infantry and cavalry • Victors in the games • Ordinary Athenians arranged by deme

  18. Arrephoroi

  19. Sacrificial animals (cows and sheep)

  20. Musicians playing the aulos and the kithara

  21. Old men carrying olive branches

  22. Metics (resident aliens), wearing purple robes and carrying on trays cakes and honeycombs for offerings

  23. Craftswomen (ergastinai - weavers of peplos)

  24. Infantry and cavalry (who is missing?)

  25. The Acropolis seen from the Panathenaic stadium

  26. Eleusis

  27. Demeter and Triptolemus

  28. 415: The Hermae affair Herma: Square or rectangular pillar of stone, terracotta, or bronze; a bust of Hermes' head, usually with a beard, sat on the top of the pillar, and male genitals adorned the base.

  29. The Sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi

  30. The Pythia

  31. Athenian Thesauron

  32. Theatre of Apollo, Delphi • The cult of excellence:music competition • Hymn to Apollo • Flute and kithara • Acting and drama • Painting

  33. Stadium, Delphi • Held in August, every four years • Lasted 6-8 days • 1. “Holy games”: showcase of Apollo’s victory over Python • 2. Procession and sacrifice • 3. Musical competition • 4. Sport competition

  34. The archaic aristocracies of Attica

  35. Necropolises of Menidhi/Acharnae and Thoricus

  36. The Mycenaean tombs of Thorikos

  37. The Mycenaean tombs of Thorikos

  38. The Mycenaean tombs of Thorikos

  39. The cup of Nestor

  40. Athens, monument of the eponymous heroes

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