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GREEK CULTURE. UNIT 2 – GREECE AND ROME LECTURE 2. OBJECTIVES. CORE OBJECTIVE : Explain how geography, culture, and government impacted Classical Greece Objective 3.3 : Describe Greek culture through art, religion, literature, architecture, drama, and philosophy.
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GREEK CULTURE UNIT 2 – GREECE AND ROME LECTURE 2
OBJECTIVES • CORE OBJECTIVE: Explain how geography, culture, and government impacted Classical Greece • Objective 3.3: Describe Greek culture through art, religion, literature, architecture, drama, and philosophy. • THEME:The Greek culture will have a significant impact and influence on many other world cultures.
Classical Greece 2000 B.C.–300 B.C. Cultures of the Mountains and the Sea SECTION 1 Warring City-States SECTION 2 Democracy and Greece’s Golden Age SECTION 3 Alexander’s Empire SECTION 4 The Spread of the Hellenistic Culture SECTION 5
DEMOCRACY & GREECE’S GOLDEN AGE CHAPTER 5 SECTION 3 Democratic principles and classical culture flourish during Greece’s golden age
PERICLES PLAN FOR ATHENS • Pericles as Leader • Skillful politician, inspiring speaker, respected general • Dominates life in Athens from 461 to 429 B.C • Stronger Democracy • Pericles leads Athens; hires more public officials; creates direct democracy • Direct democracy — citizens rule directly, not through representatives
Every citizen was expected to participate in government. • Democracy is a form of government in which power lies with the people. • The people may exercise that power directly as they did in ancient Athens, where all fully entitled citizens could vote on new laws. • Or, power may be exercised indirectly through elected representatives, as we do in the United States.
ATHENS BUILDS AN EMPIRE • Athenian Empire • Takes over Delian League; uses money to strengthen Athenian fleet • Sparta and other cities resent Athenian power • Glorifying Athens • Pericles buys gold, ivory, marble; hires artisans to beautify Athens
Athens was the strongest city-state with influence in Greece. • A statesman named Pericles became the political leader of Athens following the Persian Wars. • Although the wars had ended, Persia remained a military threat, and other Greek city-states paid money to Athens for protection. • Pericles used this income to rebuild his burned-out city and to finance the construction of magnificent new buildings including the Parthenon.
GLORIOUS ART • Architecture and Sculpture • Pericles builds the Parthenon—a large temple to honor goddess Athena • Within temple, sculptor Phidias crafts 30-foot statue of Athena • Sculptors create graceful, strong, perfectly formed figures • Classical art — values harmony, order, balance, proportion, beauty
The Parthenon is a temple built to honor Athena. • Athena was the Greek goddess of wisdom and war and the patron goddess of Athens. • The Parthenon is the main building on the Acropolis, a high point in Athens that was the center of Athenian life and a fortress against attack.
The Parthenon lies in ruins today. • It is however famed for its beauty and proportion. • It is probably the most influential building in the history of Western architecture. • The Parthenon has served as a model for important buildings in much of the world including the Lincoln Memorial. • Like all classical Greek temples, the Parthenon was built with closely spaced columns that left little interior space.
DRAMA & HISTORY • Tragedy and Comedy • Greeks invent drama as an art form; includes chorus, dance, poetry • Two forms of drama: tragedy and comedy • Tragedy—tells story of heroes’ downfall; themes of love, hate, war • Comedy—makes fun of politics and respected people; slapstick humor • Greek dramatists include Aeschylus, Euripides, Aristophanes • History • Historians Herodotus and Thucydides record and study past events
ATHENS & SPARTA GO TO WAR 2 Questions: Why & Who Won? • War Begins • 431 B.C. city-states Sparta and Athens at war — Peloponnesian War • Peloponnesian War • Sparta has better army, Athens has better navy • Plague strikes Athens in 430 B.C., kills many—including Pericles • Sparta and Athens sign truce in 421 B.C. • Sparta Gains Victory • 415 B.C. Athens renews war, attacks Syracruse; is defeated in 413 B.C. • Athens and allies surrender to Sparta in 404 B.C.
PHILOSOPHY – What is the Socratic Method? • Rise of Great Philosophers • After the war, rise of philosophers—thinkers, "lovers of wisdom" • Believe universe is subject to absolute and unchanging laws • People could understand these laws through logic, reason • Sophist philosopher Protagoras questions the existence of Greek gods • Socrates • Socrates—believes in questioning, self-examination of values, actions • He criticized the sophists • Convicted of corrupting young people; sentenced to death in 399 B.C.
SOCRATES • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J7hQempjqpQ
PLATO & ARISTOTLE • Plato • Plato—student of Socrates; writes The Republic—an ideal society • In 387 B.C., establishes Athens school, the Academy; lasts 900 years • His writings dominate European philosophy for 1,500 years • Aristotle • Aristotle—student of Plato; uses rules of logic for argument • His work provides the basis for scientific method, still used today • Tutors 13-year-old prince who becomes Alexander the Great
