Hazardous waste transportation

1. Hazardous waste transportation

2. Transportation of Dangerous Goods • Video

3. HazMat Compliance The transporting of Hazardous Materials internationally requires the cooperation of hundreds of individuals and various government agencies. In the United States three government agencies have regulations which apply to HazMat: DOT, EPA, and OSHA.

4. Why Regulate Hazmat Transportation? • The dangerous goods transported, if released or ignited, could cause harm to human health or the environment. • Purpose of Regulations: • Prevent accidents, leaks and spills • Help emergency responders • Ensure that HAZMAT employees are aware of the hazards of materials they handle • Protect against the risks to life, property, and the environment.

5. Dangerous Goods (HM) Are Internationally Regulated • UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. توصيات الأمم المتحدة بشأن نقل البضائع الخطرة. Form the basis of many national systems and international agreements. • International Maritime Organization (IMO). المنظمة البحرية الدولية International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code, part of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea.

6. Intergovernmental Organization for International Carriage by Rail. المنظمة الحكومية الدولية للنقل الدولي بالسكك الحديدية International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail, part of the Convention concerning International Carriage by Rail. • International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) منظمة الطيران المدني الدولية Technical Instructions For The Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air. • International Air Transport Association (IATA) IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations المنظمة الدولية للنقل الجوي

7. Hazardous Materials Transportation Law Purpose: to “protect against the risks to life, property, and the environment that are inherentملازمin the transportation of hazardous material in intrastateداخل الولايات , interstate خارج الولايات, and foreigncommerce تجارة خارجية” Gives the Secretary of Transportation the authority to: • Designate material as hazardous. تعيين المواد الخطرة • Issue regulations for the safe and secure transportation of hazardous material. إصدار لوائح للنقل الآمن والآمن للمواد الخطرة

8. Who Is Subject to the HMR? All persons who: • Transport hazardous materials in commerce. • Offer hazardous materials for transportation. • Are involved in producing hazmat packaging. • Prepare or accept hazmat shipments. • Are responsible for hazmat safety. • Certify compliance with any requirement under the hazmat law.

9. Responsibilities of waste generator • Hazardous waste materials being moved need to be contained in a package such as a drum, can or bottle, or alternatively they may be pumped into tankers for transporting. • Responsibilities • Proper Packaging and labelling. • Paper record created. • Classify waste according to agreed definitions. • Select licensed transport contractor. • Create paper record.

10. Hazmat employee A HAZMAT employee is a person employed by a HAZMAT employer and who, in the course of employment, directly affects hazardous materials transportation safety. This term includes owner-operatorsالمشغلينof a motor vehicle that transports hazardous materials in commerce.

11. Hazmat employee (includes owners) • Loads, unloads, or handles hazardous materials. • Manufactures, tests, reconditions, repairs, modifies, marks, or otherwise represents containers, drums or packaging as qualified for use in the transportation of hazardous materials. • Prepares hazardous materials for transportation. • Is responsible for safety of transporting hazardous materials. • Operates a vehicle used to transport hazardous materials.

12. HMR divides responsibility in three categories The shipper The carrier The driver

13. The shipper(owner, driver, dispatcherالمرسل, fleet managerمدير قافلة النقل , office) • Person or company sending the hazmat from one place to another: • Must assign proper shipping name, hazard class, identification numbers, correct type of packaging, correct label and marking on placards, correct placards • Properly packages the hazmat • Prepares shipping papers • Certifies on the shipping papers that they have prepared shipment properly

14. The carrier(driver, fleet manager, company owner) Transports shipment to destination المكان المقصود. • Ensures that product has been correctly named, labeled and marked for shipment. • Reports any accidents or incidents to the proper government agency. • Ensures that shipper has properly identified, marked and labeled product • Must refuse leaking shipments • Attaches appropriate placards • Delivers products safely & obeys all rules and requirements • Keeps shipping papers in proper place

15. General awareness Must be familiar with the requirements of HM training requirements. Hazard communication training: • Must be able to recognize HM • Must know hazards of chemical to which you may be exposed (hazard classes) • Must know what to do in the event of an emergency or unplanned release يجب معرفة ما يجب القيام به في حالة الطوارئ أو حصول تسرب غير مخطط له Function-specific training Must be familiar with the standards as they apply to your specific job These will vary depending on the individual’s specific job function

16. Safety training Must include: • Emergency response information required. • Measures to protect the employee from the hazards associated with the HazMat to which they may be exposed in the work place, including specific measures the hazmat employer has implemented to protect employees from exposure • Methods & procedures for avoiding accidents involving hazardous materials

17. Driver training Training must include the following subjects: Pre-trip inspection Use of vehicle controls and equipment, including operation of emergency equipment Operation of vehicle • Turning, backing, braking, parking, handling, effects of braking, dangers of maneuvering مخاطر المناورة through curves, effects of speed, dangers of weather & road conditions, and high center of gravity • Procedures for maneuvering tunnelsمناورة الانفاق , bridges and railroad crossings معابر السكك الحديدية • Requirements pertaining to attendance متعلقة بحضور المركباتof vehicles, parking, smoking routing توجيه التدخينand incident reporting • Loading and unloading procedures • Packaging and securing load.

18. Transport controls • The collection and transportation processes for hazardous wastes are based on the procedures developed for pure chemical substances. Transporter must check: • wastes properly described. • wastes properly packed and labelled. • compliance with national or international regulations. Source: Safe hazardous waste management systems ISWA 2002

19. The transport requirements: • Have an authorised contractor متعهد مرخصaware of relevant regulations (properly licensed and accredited). • Large contractors in industrialized countries will have chemists (waste generator’s declaration by testing), as well as specialists (familiar with hazardous wastes regulations generally and transportation requirements specifically) • Small-scale transporters are likely to need to use advisory or consultancy services for this, to ensure appropriate handling and transporting procedures are adopted, . • Increasingly in industrialized countries, segregated collection is undertaken to enable wastes to be recycled. This reduce treatment and disposal costs.

21. Transportation permits • Registration or licensing of those involved in transportation of hazardous waste is an important element of a hazardous waste management system. • Waste movements need transport certificate showing: • Origin الاصل • Destination المكان المقصود للنقل • identifying the load تعريف الحمولة • Licensed contractors must have: • approved vehicles مركبات معتمدة • trained drivers سائقين مدربين • vehicles marked with the appropriate hazard symbols المركبات التي تحمل رموز الخطر المناسبةemergency plan خطة طوارئ

22. Manifest systems : basic principles Manifest systems:نظام التوثيق والايضاح • Provide a record of waste generated and its movement. • Provide information for later disposal options. • Serve as a “chain of custody” عهدةdocument. • Carry signatures of the people handling the waste, to encourage responsible behaviour. • Enable compliance with regulations. • Ensure duty of care is observed. • Increase responsibilities.

23. Manifest systems : ExampleState of Victoria, Australia TRP Chapter 5.2 23

24. Dangerous goods regulations Movement of dangerous goods by air, water, road and rail is subject to conditions, including: • Classification of dangerous substances • Packaging and labelling • Suitability of the vehicle • Proper training and qualifications for driver • Information to be carried in the vehicle • Emergency procedures to be followed

25. Other international regulations • Recommendations on the transport of dangerous goods (UNR). • International Civil AviationطيرانOrganisation (ICAO): shipment by air. • International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG): shipment by water. • United Nations Resolution on Traffic in Toxic and Dangerous Products and Wastes. • Basel Convention on the Transboundarymovement of hazardous wastes. • Bamako Convention Ban on the Import into Africa and Control of Transboundary Movements and Management of Hazardous Wastes within Africa

26. Labelling Spontaneously combsutible Oxidising agent Dangerous when wet Flammable solid

27. Training and safety 1 • During loading and unloading, the brake must be set and the engine stopped. • Closures, cargo and tailgates must be secured. • Contents must be kept dry & at prescribedمنصوص عليها temperature. • Quantity limits must not be exceeded. • Careful handling to prevent rupture, leaks or spills.

28. Training and safety 2 Drivers/handlers must: • be suitably qualified. • not smoke, take drugs or alcohol. • make inspections at set frequencies. • know emergency procedures. • attend cargo at all times. • not exceed permitted working hours. • use personal safety equipment.

29. Vehicle design • Appropriate for load. • Vehicle should be appropriate length, weight, shape. • Tank material should be compatible with waste. • May be articulatedمفصولة or rigid Advantages of articulated مفصولةvehicles: • Easier to manoeuvre • Can be separated into motor unit & trailer • Ease of repair

30. Tank material or lining Suitable waste type Rubber lined Hydrochloric acid Stainless steel Nitric acid Mild steel, aluminium or canvasلوحات قماشية مقواة Oil, fats, petroleum and non corrosive materials Mild steel, aluminium Solvents (not chlorinated solvents) Tankers and waste compatibility

31. Hazardous waste transport: tanks Tank for flammable and combustible liquids and gases

32. Hazardous waste transport: tanks Tank truck delivering to physico-chemical facility, Germany Source: Safe hazardous waste management systems ISWA 2002

33. Hazardous waste transport: containers Portable 70,000 litres poly-lined steel tank

34. Roadway Transportation of Hazardous Materials Cargo tank خزان محمول: Bulk package that may or may not be permanently attached to a vehicle May be loaded or unloaded without being removed from the vehicle.

35. Flammable liquid tanker: • Most common and reliable vessel • Carries 6,000 and 10,000 gallons of product. • Nonpressurized.

36. Chemical hauler خزان نقل الكيماويات • Holds 6,000 to 7,000 gallons • May be insulated or uninsulated • May have higher internal working pressure

37. Corrosive tanker • Transports corrosives • Reinforcing rings around the tank • Operates at 15 to 25 psi • Holds 6,000 gallons

38. Pressure cargo tanker • Holds 1,000 to 11,000 gallons • Constructed of steel • Operates at 300 psi

39. Cryogenic tanker • Low-pressure tanker • Relies on tank insulation to maintain low temperature

40. Tube trailers • Carry compressed gasses • Made up of individual cylinders • Operate at 3,000 to 5,000 psi

41. Dry bulk cargo tanks • Carry dry bulk goods • Not pressurized • Usually V-shaped

42. Transportation Marking System Variable marking system is characterized by labels, placards, and markings. Labels Placed on boxes and smaller packages. Placards Placed on all four sides of vehicles. Identify a broad hazard class.

43. Not all chemical shipments are marked. • You may also identify hazardous materials in transport from: • The bill of lading or freight bill. • The waybill or consist. CHEMTREC • Operates a 24-hour telephone line. • An extensive database of chemical information. • Must have information ready when calling.

44. Fixed-Facility Marking System • Characterized by a placard with a set of diamonds • Placards are colored, indicating specific hazards. • Permanent manufacturing or storage facilities have material safety data sheets. • Chemical makeup of a substance • Potential hazards it presents • Appropriate first aid in the event of exposure. • Other data for safe handling of the material

46. HazMat Training Employee awareness will be the most important part of your HazMat program.

47. Before any employee performs a function subject to the HazMatRegulations, that person must be provided initial training in the performance of that function. • If a new regulation is adopted, or an existing regulation has changed, that employee must be instructed in those new or revised requirements prior to the performance of the new function. • If an employee has not been trained in a specific task relating to new or revised HazMat regulations they may perform the task under the direct supervision of a properly trained individual for a period of 90 days.

48. Every employee working with HazMat must receive initial training and periodically be retrained at least every three years. • The training should cover three specific categories: • General Awareness • Function Specific Training • Safety Training General Awareness Should provide employees a familiarity with the HazMat Regulations. Employees should be able to recognize and assess a HazMat situation.

49. General Awareness Should provide employees a familiarity with the HazMat Regulations. Employees should be able to recognize and assess a HazMat situation. Safety Training Should include emergency response procedures, protective measures, and methods of avoiding accidents. Employers are responsible for the proper training, testing, and record keeping

50. Emergency response • Risk management systems aim to: • Reduce of the probability of accident occurring. • Minimise the consequences of an accident. • Transporting vehicles should have: • First aid equipment. • Fire extinguisher according to substance carried. • Trained personnel.