Tuesday, January 19 th

1. Tuesday, January 19th • Good Morning, Happy Tuesday!  • Please get out your planner and get set up for the week…. Planner check at random will occur again sometime this week. • Please have your Presidential Want Ad out and ready to turn in. • HLA: Study – BOOGIE TWIZ tomorrow!

2. Chapter Six, Section Three“Making Foreign Policy”

3. Review! Review! • Which role of the President allows him to carry out the laws? • Which role of the President allows him to make agreements with leaders of other nations? • Which role of the President allows him to toss out the first pitch at the World Series? • What do we call a president’s rule or command that has the force of law? • What do we call a formal declaration of forgiveness for one person? Group of people?

4. “Foreign Policy” “Foreign Policy” is the overall plan for dealing with other nations. (whereas, domestic policy is our plan for dealing with the issues/needs within our borders.) • Foreign Policy essentially deals with four (4) main goals for the United States

5. Isolationism to Internationalism • For about the first 150 years as a nation, the USA primarily concerned themselves with domestic affairs • This was a period of Isolationism, or purposefully refusing to interfere in global affairs • Following WWII, we have shifted our focus, realizing that the well-being of the country is affected by what happens around the world (wars, global transit and economic conditions)

6. 1. “National Security” A main goal of foreign policy is to provide “national security”, or the ability to keep the country safe from attack or harm.

7. 2. “International Trade” “International trade” is a key goal of the President’s foreign policy. • It helps create new markets for American goods and provides jobs for American workers.

8. 3. “World Peace” Promoting “world peace” helps keep the United States safe and our vital trade flowing.

9. 4. “Democracy” The desire to promote democracy around the world also helps protect the peace and security of the United States.

10. Some bureaucracies (federal agencies) that were created to assist the president with foreign policy: “State Department” “Defense Department” “Central Intelligence Agency” (“CIA”) “National Security Council” (“NSC”) Foreign Policy Bureaucracy

11. President & Congress The President and Congress often clash over foreign and military affairs. • The President might want one thing and Congress may want the opposite, especially if party control is not the same in both branches.

12. Foreign Policy Tools NATO Video “Treaties”, or formal agreements between nations, are vital tools to keep foreign policy. • The “North Atlantic Treaty Organization” (“NATO”) is perhaps our most important treaty (an international alliance that consists of 28 member states from North America and Europe. It was established at the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty on 4 April 1949. Article Five of the treaty states that if an armed attack occurs against one of the member states, it should be considered an attack against all members, and other members shall assist the attacked member, with armed forces if necessary)

13. Foreign Policy Tools • While the Senate must approve all treaties, the President can issue an “executive agreement” with other leaders in the world.

14. Foreign Policy Tools • “Ambassadors”, or official representatives of a country’s government are very important in foreign policy. • The U.S. currently has over 180ambassadors in nations it recognizes (or accepts as legitimate)

15. Foreign Policy Tools Foreign Aidto nations in need of money, food, supplies, or military assistanceis a very important Foreign Policy tool that we use. The USA has sent over 500 Million dollars to over 100 countries throughout the world.

16. Foreign Policy Tools • One famous example of foreign aid came after World War II in Western Europe with the “Marshall Plan”(foreign aid sent to Germany to rebuild after the war.)

17. Foreign Policy Tools International Tradeallows the president to make agreements with other nations concerning trade and trade rules.

18. Foreign Policy Tools The U.S. can place “trade sanctions” (or efforts to punish another nation by imposing trade barriers) on nations if necessary. We can also set up an “embargo”, or agreement among a group of nations that prohibit them all from trading with a target nation ( Cuba, North Korea)

19. Foreign Policy Tools • Finally, the president can use military forceto carry out some foreign policy decisions. • This can be used to protectnations or punish other nations.

20. Isolationism to Internationalism • The USA has shifted from isolation to actively dealing with other nations throughout the world. • This shift is strikingly illustrated in our participation in the United Nations. Formed in 1945, the UN drafted a Charter, a treaty of all the member-states and a constitution for the UN. The US was the first to sign the Charter, with an 89-2 Senate vote. • The UN currently consists of 193 member-states. • The UN contains several important bodies, like the UN Security Council which maintains international peace.

21. Crash Course Government • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PMhIQNkO_Y0