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Factors contributing to achievement growth in Chile

Factors contributing to achievement growth in Chile. Gregory Elacqua Instituto of Public Policy School of Economics Universidad Diego Portales. CHILE 17,269,525 residents 3,395,845 students 11,511 schools Became an OECD country in 2009.

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Factors contributing to achievement growth in Chile

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  1. Factors contributing to achievement growth in Chile Gregory Elacqua Instituto of Public Policy School of Economics Universidad Diego Portales

  2. CHILE • 17,269,525 residents • 3,395,845 students • 11,511 schools • Became an OECD country • in 2009

  3. Chile second in annual rate of growth in student achievement (1995-2009) Source: Hanushek, Peterson & Woessman (2012)

  4. Same trend in national tests (SIMCE language and math 4th grade) Source: SIMCE

  5. Chile in the 90’s

  6. A. Low standard of living • GDP per capita $5,500 (ranked 6th in Latin America). • About half of Chileans lived below the poverty line, and 20% lived in extreme poverty. • Only half of high school students graduated and 14% enrolled in college.

  7. B. Low educational expenditures • USD$360 per student a year. • Public spending on education 2.4% of GDP vs. 5.5% in the Netherlands and 5.0% in the US.

  8. C. Inadequate incentives • Poorly designed voucher program • Flat voucher • School selection • School fees 2. No school accountability • No objective information on school quality • Schools not held accountable for outcomes 3. No incentives for teachers • No merit pay • No teacher evaluation

  9. Factors that help to explain achievement growth in Chile

  10. I. Higher standard of living

  11. A. GDP per capita increased by 3 fold (GDP per capita PPP, constant USD 2008) Source: World Bank

  12. B. Ranked 6 in Latin America, today #1 (GDP per capita PPP, constant USD 2008) Source: World Bank

  13. C. Cut poverty rate by two thirds Source: CASEN

  14. D. Eradicated extreme poverty (% extreme poverty) Source: World Bank

  15. E. High school graduation ratesincreased rapidly across SES groups (age20-24, by income quintiles)

  16. F. Young adults have similar attainment as peers in OECD countries (% with at least upper secondary by age group) Source: Education at a Glance, 2008

  17. G. Expansion of highereducation 2011:1,015,000 1984:180,000 Source: Brunner, 2008; INE; CASEN; MINEDUC.

  18. H. Parents of 15 years old students are more educated than in the past. Source: SIMCE

  19. II. INCREASED EDUCATION SPENDING

  20. B. Annual per student expenditure has increased fourfold since 1990. (USD 2011) Source: MINEDUC

  21. C. Public and private education spending as % of GDP has doubled since 1990 Source: MINEDUC

  22. D. Expansion of % enrollment in schools with full school day. Source: MINEDUC

  23. E. Since 1990 teachers’ salaries have increasedby 200% in real terms. (USD 2011) Source: MINEDUC, Central Bank of Chile

  24. F. Students/computer ratio declined in the last decade, 79 to 9. Source: Enlaces, 2010

  25. G. Targeted programs (P-900, Escuelas Criticas, Liceos Prioritarios, Montegrande) Source: Enlaces, 2010

  26. Iii. INCENTIVES

  27. A. Improvements to voucher design Differentiated voucher School selection banned No school fees for low SES students Source: MINEDUC, 2009

  28. Private voucher school enrollment expands Source: MINEDUC

  29. More than 1 million students attend for-profit schools in Chile (1/3 of enrollments Source: MINEDUC

  30. More choice for low SES parents: In this low SES urban neighborhood in Santiago, the supply of schools almost doubled in 10 years. Source: MINEDUC

  31. B. Test scores widely disseminated to parents, schools, and researchers Informationtoparentsaboutownschool’sacademicresultevolution and comparedto similar schools Websitefocused in informingparentsaboutschool’salternatives: price, academicresults, location, etc. Public Rankings of academicresults of schools

  32. C. School accountability program Schools are ranked by adjusted test scores and improvements High ranking schools have autonomy and low ranking schools must present improvement plans Failing schools schools can be closed

  33. D. National teacher merit pay program and national public school teacher evaluation

  34. E. Most growth explained by gains by low and middle SES students: test score gap reduced by ½ of a standard deviation in language 1/3 in mathematics on national test (SIMCE) 50 76 Source: SIMCE

  35. F. Most growth explained by gains by low and middle SES students: Chile is the country that made the most progress in narrowing the achievement gap between 2000 and 2009 in PISA literacy (13 points) Source: PISA

  36. Conclusions Higher standard of living Increased spending Incentives

  37. Challenge: Still a long way to go PISA 2000 PISA 2009 Source: PISA 2000, 2009

  38. Factors that help to explain achievement growth in Chile Sense of urgency

  39. Students and families put the quality of education at the center of the national debate 2011: University students 2006: High school students

  40. Weak link: Chilean teachers lag behind Elementary-level future teachers’ mathematics content knowledge Source: 2008 TEDS-M Source: 2008 TEDS-M

  41. Weak link: Chilean teachers lag behind Elementary-level future teachers’ pedagogy content knowledge Source: 2008 TEDS-M Source: 2008 TEDS-M

  42. Weak link:Content and pedagogical knowledge Source: INICIA 2011

  43. Factors contributing to achievement growth in Chile Gregory Elacqua Instituto of Public Policy School of Economics Universidad Diego Portales

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