Tourism and the Environment The Tourism Society President’s Debate Monday 3 December 2013

1. Tourism and the Environment The Tourism Society President’s Debate Monday 3 December 2013 Jim Dixon

2. Tourism and the EnvironmentWeighing up the issues Benefits • Puts a value on heritage • Connects people to nature • Cultural cooperation

3. Tourism and the EnvironmentWeighing up the issues Problems • Global environment impacts • Over-use of resources • Physical development

4. Tourism and the EnvironmentWeighing up the issues Benefits • Puts a value on heritage • Connects people to nature • Cultural cooperation Problems • Global environment impacts • Over-use of resources • Physical development • Sustainable Tourism • Direct gains for the environment • Builds respect across cultures • Drives resource-efficiency

5. Benefits of Tourism Putting a Value on Heritage & Nature

6. Benefits of Tourism Connecting People to Heritage & Nature

7. Benefits of Tourism Cultural Cooperation • Selling local products • Investing in heritage • Global communications

8. Problems Global environment impacts • Steady increase in long-haul, high altitude air travel • Aircraft engines: Noise, particulates, NOX, CO2 • Engine & fuel efficiency vs increased passenger kilometres • IPCC estimate aviation responsible for 3.5% of anthropogenic climate change 5% - 15% by 2050 U.S. airlines, domestic flights now average 0.23 kilometer per of jet fuel (), an increase of more than 40 percent since 2000. There's also been progress for the heavier jets on international flights: a 17 percent improvement to 0.12 km/l.

9. Aircraft Engine Efficiency • New turbo-fan engines • Geared turbo-fan technologies • Ceramics and hotter engines • Aircraft aerodyamics • Powered nosewheels • Novel fuels Dreamliner uses 20 percent less fuel per mile than the similar-size Boeing 767, thanks mainly to improved aerodynamics and the use of lightweight composite materials. Rolls Royce Trent 1000 TEN most efficient Turbofan on the market

10. Problems • Over Use of Resources - UNEP • Water In Mediterranean: tourists use 440 litres/day, double that of average Spanish city use • Golf courses in a tropical country: need 1500kg of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides per year and uses as much water as 60,000 rural villagers. • Cruise ships in the Caribbean: estimated to produce more than 70,000 tons of waste each year • Trails in the Peruvian Andes and in Nepal: visited by tourists have been nicknamed "Coca-Cola trail" and "Toilet paper trail". • Coral reefs. In 90 of 109 countries reefs are being damaged by cruise ship anchors and sewage, by tourists breaking off chunks of coral, and by commercial harvesting for sale to tourists.

11. Problems • Physical development

12. Sustainable Tourism: The Only Option

13. Sustainable Tourism: The Only Option • Responsible tourists and sustainable tourism • Technology, Regulation, Corporate Sustainability, Consumers • Eco tourism • Involves travel to natural destinations • Minimizes impact • Builds environmental awareness • Provides direct financial benefits for conservation • Provides financial benefits and empowerment for local people • Respects local culture • Supports human rights and democratic movements • More information at • www.nationalparks.gov.uk • www.nationalparksengland.org • www.peakdistrict.gov.uk