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Ch. 12: The Crisis of the Later Middle Ages

Ch. 12: The Crisis of the Later Middle Ages. The Middle Ages. Outline: # 2. Map of Europe in 998. The Bubonic Plague. “The Black Death” Named because of the color of skin of victim and buboes Spread throughout Europe from 1347-1350 Preempted by… “Seven lean years” (1315-1322)

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Ch. 12: The Crisis of the Later Middle Ages

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  1. Ch. 12: The Crisis of the Later Middle Ages

  2. The Middle Ages Outline: # 2 Map of Europe in 998.

  3. The Bubonic Plague • “The Black Death” • Named because of the color of skin of victim and buboes • Spread throughout Europe from 1347-1350 Preempted by… • “Seven lean years” (1315-1322) • Little Ice Age (LIA)

  4. Caused by bacteria called YersiniaPestis

  5. The Bubonic Plague(Cont’d) • Originated in Asia circa 1331 • Spread of the plague was instigated by poor living conditions • Many blamed the Jews • Thought they poisoned well waters • Resulting in the killing of thousands of Jews • Flagellants? If you’ve seen The DaVinci code, you witnessed it. • Manuscript illumination…on page 348 • Dance of Death…fresco…pg. 349/

  6. Care of the Sick • Thought in terms of “poisons” or “corrupted air” “So incurable was the evil that neither any regularity of life, nor any bodily strength count resist it. Strong and weak bodies were all similarity carried away.” • Religious cared for sick • Wealthy fled cities “almost no one cared for his neighbor…brother abandoned brother…”

  7. "Ring Around the Rosie" • Ring around the rosey: Referring to ring that appear on the skin because of the plague. • -Pocket full of posies: Poises are a strong smelling flower, so people filled their pockets with them to hide the smell that the plague gave off so people wouldn't know they had it. • -Ashes, Ashes: Refers to people being burnt to ashes after they died because they couldn't be buried or the infection would spread. • -We all fall down!: Referring to people dying. • Could be an urban legend????????

  8. Giovanni Boccaccio-1313-1375 • Italian writer that described the course of the Black Death • Pinpointed rats as the spread of the disease • Preface of his book The Decameron • Collection of small novels • 7 women and 3 men fleeing from the plague to a villa told stories to pass the time/

  9. Economic, Religious & Cultural Effects • General inflation • Labor shortage • Higher wages • Art reveal a morbid focus on death • Endowments increased

  10. Hundred Years War “Misery of the Middle Ages” ENGLAND FRANCE

  11. Causes of conflict: • Disagreement over rights of land • Dispute over the succession to the French throne • Charles IV(Fr.),dies childless in 1328; Capetian dynasty ends • Charles’ sister, Isabella, had a son—Edward III, king of England • Salic law—exclusion of women (6th C law maintained until 1789!) • What happened from here?? • Economic conflicts • Duchy of Aquitaine/

  12. Major Battles: Agincourt (1415) Poitiers (1356) Crecy (1346) English long bow dominated the battle field Text Maps, page 351

  13. Early English Victories

  14. The French “Reconquest” • Even though in 1428 the military and political power seemed firmly in British hands, the French reversed the situation. • In 1429, with the aid of the mysterious Joan of Arc, the French king, Charles VII, was able to raise the English siege of Orleans. • This began the reconquest of the north of France.

  15. Joan of arc is captured by the English, accused of witchcraft May 30th 1431 she is tied to a stake and burned to death at 19 years old/

  16. France Becomes Unified! France in 1453 France in 1337

  17. The End of the War • By 1453 the English had lost all their major centers except Calais. • There was not treaty, only a cessation of hostilities.

  18. A major cause of the Hundred Years’ War for the French was that: The French nobles were unwilling to give their support to the English who claimed the throne of France A woman had become ruler of France for the 1st time The King of France claimed the throne of England The economic reason of wool/

  19. Impact 100 Yrs. war • 1. rise of nationalism • 2. representative assembly's will develop…. Parliamentary system • 3. War of the Roses—rise of the Tudor dynasty in England • 4. The twin pillars of the Middle Ages---The Age of Faith & the Age of Chivalry…will die/

  20. Challenges to the Church • Clergy challenged Pope • Wyclif • Laypeople challenged Clergy • Divided “Rome” – 1 Pope, 2 Popes, 3 Popes (hahahaha) • a.k.a Schisms • Writers argued that church should be subordinate to the government, or separate • Williams of Occam • Marsiglio Padua • Influence of literacy

  21. Social Unrest in a Changing Society • Small Group work • Read the assigned section • Develop and write a two sentences summary • Create a list of five facts that are important to know

  22. Peasant Revolts

  23. Urban Conflict

  24. Sex in the City

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